tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61238645957556414522024-03-19T13:11:30.666-07:00jadual dan skripdaud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.comBlogger47125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-49228992057238805942012-02-06T17:16:00.000-08:002012-02-06T17:17:11.681-08:00AG-AF100<a class="main_image" href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/15491/main.jpg" style="color: rgb(0, 71, 122); font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><img src="http://static.videomaker.com/thumbnails/307/0/content/images/article/15491/main.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; width: 307px; float: left; margin-right: 10px; " /></a><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></span><div class="h1_breakhead" style="margin-left: 317px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><h1 style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 310%/normal Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); ">Panasonic AG-AF100 Interchangeable Lens Camcorder Review</h1><strong class="breakhead first_breakhead" style="text-align: justify;clear: right; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; padding-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 2em; color: rgb(69, 69, 69); ">If you've been looking for a plethora of professional features at an aggressive price point then look closely at the Panasonic AG-AF100 - this beast is one beauty of a performer.</strong></div><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Not overly stylish by any means, the Panasonic AG-AF100 is somewhat reminiscent in appearance of a brick - but with a lens, viewfinder and carrying handle. In a fashion similar to the Mercedes automobiles of the 1970s, its blocky exterior camouflages the fact that great things lie inside. There truly is genuine beauty within this beast and video professionals especially will appreciate its many virtues.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Gobs of Goodies</h3><div class="captioned" style="float: left; width: 125px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 5px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-right-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-left-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-image: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><a href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/15491/a.jpg" style="color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><img src="http://static.videomaker.com/thumbnails/125/0/content/images/article/15491/a.jpg" alt="" style="text-align: justify;display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Built for the professional, the AF100 has an abundance of features and manual adjustments. Those most frequently used are easily accessed via buttons, switches, knobs or dials situated around the camera's exterior. Many of these are easily fine-tuned by delving into user- friendly menus where other, lesser-used features also reside.</p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">The first pro HD camera to embrace the Micro Four Thirds standard, the AF100 is small, light and is compatible with a variety of lenses for increased interchangeability and excellent video recording performance. The standard provides for an image sensor very near in size to that of 35mm film cameras - 17.3mm by 13mm. A standardized lens mount and specially designed interchangeable lenses are also provided in the standard (lens not included with the AF100.) Micro Four Thirds lenses, Four Thirds, cinema, 35mm film and other lenses may be used with the appropriate adapters.</p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Our tour of the camera begins at the front upper-right where we find a four-position neutral density filter wheel reaching 1/64 ND. In the lower right corner is the automatic white balance (AWB) button; follow this button to the left side of the camera for custom white balance or presets - VAR ranges between 2400K and 9900K.</p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Along the camera's left side is a double row of buttons and switches located below the swing-out display. Among them are the iris button and adjustment wheel. The button switches the iris from auto to manual allowing use of the wheel to dial in the desired setting. Next to these is the gain switch. Values for its three positions may be custom, VIDEO CAM mode values range from -6dB to 18dB while in FILM CAM mode they range from ISO 200 to ISO 3200.</p><div class="captioned" style="float: left; width: 125px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 5px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-right-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-left-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-image: initial; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><a href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/15491/b.jpg" style="color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><img src="http://static.videomaker.com/thumbnails/125/0/content/images/article/15491/b.jpg" alt="" style="text-align: justify;display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></a></div><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">One of three user definable buttons, user 2, resides next to the white balance switch. The bottom row also contains the CH1 and CH2 audio level adjustment dials. The top row contains the function and user 1 buttons, the focus auto/manual selector switch and the push auto button for engaging autofocus while in manual mode. Here too, are the display/mode check button, power on/off switch, record/playback indicator lights and mode button for switching between record and playback functions.</p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">The LCD monitor flips out to reveal buttons for color bars, optical image stabilization and exposure assist functions such as EVF DTL, zebra and waveform. Counter reset and time code set buttons, along with the audio channel and input select switches finish off the area behind the display. Above the display are the menu and exec buttons, start/stop button number two, volume control buttons for the onboard speaker and a joystick for playback control and menu navigation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Around the back is the flip up viewfinder, below which, are the dual SD card slots for continuous relay recording, card status lights and a flip down door. Directly below is the battery compartment, to the left of that is the slot select button for choosing the active slot for recording. Below this is the dial select button and wheel for adjusting shutter speeds and frame rates. Slow and fast motion effects may be achieved using variable frame rates from 12fps to 60fps. To the right of the battery compartment are five port covers hiding connectors for A/V Out, USB 2.0, HDMI, index, S/S, camera remote, headphones and SDI Out.</p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">On the right side are two XLR jacks with line/mic switches, Start/stop button number one and the third user definable button. The handle, attached ahead of and above the onboard microphone, is also removable. It has threaded holes in addition to an accessory shoe for mounting various accessories and an external microphone mount attached to its side.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Pleasing Performance</h3><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">With more features, functions and adjustment capabilities than we have room to describe, the bottom line is that this is a great professional quality camera. Image quality and color reproduction are excellent with beautifully shallow depth of field. Given the variety of gain adjustments, low light performance is good, with acceptable noise levels. The wide range of shutter speeds and frame rates makes for some great timelapse, slow and fast motion effects. The rolling shutter effect experienced when panning quickly is delightfully minimal. Onboard audio is actually pretty good but plugging in a quality XLR microphone produces excellent results.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Tech Specs</h3><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Pickup Device: </strong>4/3 MOS </div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Number of Pixels:</strong> Approximately 12.4 million effective </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lens:</strong> Not included </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Lens Mount:</strong> Micro Four Thirds </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>ND Filter:</strong> 1/4, 1/16, 1/64 </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Monitor:</strong> 3.45 type, wide LCD color monitor (920,000 dots approximately); Viewfinder, wide - 0.45 type LCD color monitor (1,220,000 dots equivalent approximately) </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Gain Settings:</strong> -6 to +18dB in 3dB increments (VIDEO CAM Mode); ISO 200 - ISO 3200 (FILM CAM Mode) </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Color Temperature Settings:</strong> ATW, ATW LOCK, preset 3200K, preset 5600K, preset VAR, Ach, Bch </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Shutter Speed Settings:</strong> 1/2 - 1/2000; specific options vary according to OPERATION TYPE (VIDEO CAM/FILM CAM) and SYSTEM FREQ (59.94Hz/50Hz); multiple Synchro scan settings </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Recording Format:</strong>AVCHD compliant </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Compression Formats:</strong> MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Recording Media:</strong> up to 2GB SD memory card; 32GB SDHC memory card; 64GB SDXC memory card </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Audio Recording Format:</strong>Dolby Digital/2ch (HA/HE mode), linear PCM digital/2ch switch (PH mode only) </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Audio Input:</strong> Built-in stereo microphone; XLR input (3 pin X2; INPUT 1, INPUT 2); LINE/MIC selectable </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Audio Output:</strong> Pin jack X2 (CH1, CH2) </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>SDI:</strong> 2ch (linear PCM) </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>HDMI:</strong> 2ch (linear PCM)/5.1ch (Dolby Digital) </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Headphone:</strong> 3.5mm stereo mini jack </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Speaker:</strong> Round, 20mm </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Other Terminals:</strong> Camera remote, INDEX remote, TC PRESET IN/OUT, USB </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Weight:</strong> Approximately 2.9lb (excluding handle, grip, battery and accessories) </div></strong><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Dimensions: </strong>6-7/16"W X 7-11/16"H X 11-7/16"D (including handle and grip)</div></strong><p></p><h3 class="breakhead" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Strengths</h3><ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); list-style-position: inside; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><li style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Large imaging area</li><li style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Very shallow depth of field</li><li style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Accepts wide variety of lenses</li><li style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Variable frame rate recording</li><li style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Three internal ND settings</li><li style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Focus and Exposure assist functions</li></ul><h3 class="breakhead" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Weaknesses</h3><ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); list-style-position: inside; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><li style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Does not include lens</li></ul><h3 class="breakhead" style="text-align: justify;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; font-size: 16px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">Summary</h3><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">If you've been looking for a plethora of professional features at an aggressive price point then look closely at the Panasonic AG-AF100 - this beast is one beauty of a performer.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; text-align: -webkit-auto; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Panasonic Corporation of North America </strong></div><strong><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong><a href="http://www.panasonic.com/" target="_new" class=" external" style="color: rgb(0, 71, 122); ">www.panasonic.com </a></strong></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Price: $5,000</strong></div></strong><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "><em>Mark Holder is a video producer and trainer.</em></p>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-14414582855481759932011-04-26T12:38:00.000-07:002011-04-26T12:59:03.107-07:00Pengenalan kepada Penerbitan Video 'Multiple Camera Production'<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal">PENERBITAN VIDEO KAMERA BERBILANG</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal">MULTIPLE CAMERA PRODUCTION</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Pengenalan</b>;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Video merupakan salah satu elemen yang penting dalam bidang komunikasi. Di mana-mana sahaja kita akan bertemu dengan video seperti di srin-srin yang besar hingga skrin pada handphone. Kita juga boleh bersua dengan video di internet seperti web-web dan Youtube. Pendek kata tanpa video akan mewujudkan ruang dalam komunikasi.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Penerbitan video kamera berbilang(MCP)<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Bila kita mendengar rakaman video maka secara automatik kita akan terbayangkan cara kerja rakaman dan penerbitan video dengan menggunakan sebuah kamera video. Jarang kita memikirkan selain daripada yang tersebut.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Penerbitan video Kamera Berbilang atau Multiple Camera Production, merupakan satu penerbitan video dengan menggunakan dua atau lebih kamera video. Penerbitan cara ini memerlukan ramai kakitangan yang diketuai oleh seorang Pengarah Studio. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Jenis Penerbitan Kamera Berbilang<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Terdapat dua jenis penerbitan kamerta berbilang iaitu penerbitan yang dirakam dan akan disunting kembali dalam pos produksi dan sebuah siaran langsung yang tidak mungkin dapat dibetulkan sebarang kesilapan jika berlaku. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Diantara program yang dirakamkan secara penerbitan kamera berbilang ialah Berita, Forum Perdana, Bolasepak, Sambutan Kemerdekaan dan lain-lain yang seumpamanya.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Lokasi-lokasi penerbitan.<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Penerbitan Video Kamera Berbilang (MCP) boleh dilakukan dalam studio dan di luar studio. Dalam studio, tugas penerbitan ini dilakukan terutama di stesen-stesen televisyen seperti rancangan berita, bual bicara dan sebagainya. Tugas ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan peralatan-peralatan penerbitan yang lengkap dalam sesebuah studio.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Sementara penerbitan video kamera berbilang yang dilakukan di luar ialah seperti forum perdana dan sebagainya yang dijalankan di ruang-ruang terbuka atau dalam dewan-dewan tertentu. Dalam tugas ini peralatan untuk membuat rakaman akan dipasang dilokasi berkenaan atau dengan menggunakan OB van (outdoor broadcast van) yang dilengkapi oleh peralatan untuk membuat penerbitan video kamera berbilang tersebut.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Peralatan untuk Penerbitan Kamera Berbilang.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Peralatan-peralatan yang sewajarnya ada untuk membuat penerbitan video kamera berbilang ini ialah beberapa buah kamera video, tripod tempat meletakkan kamera, Camera Control Unit, Waveform, Video Switcher, Video tape Recorder atau Hard Disc, Komputer untuk grafik, Intercom untuk berhubung dengan kakitangan penerbitan yang lain serta Video Tape Player untuk menayangkan rakaman-rakaman luar dalam penerbitan berkenaan.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">PERALATAN DALAM PENERBITAN VIDEO KAMERA BERBILANG;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Studio Floor<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">1. Kamera video<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">2. Tripod<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">3. Sistem lampu<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">4. Sistem intercom<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Bilik Kawalan Utama(Control Room)<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">1. Komputer untuk grafik<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">2. Waveform<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">3. Video Tape Player<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">4. Video Tape Recorder<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">5. Camera Control Unit<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">6. Switcher<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">7. Lighting Controller<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">8. Jam dinding<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">9. Stopwatch<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">10. Sistem intercom<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Bilik Audio<o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">1. Audio Mixer<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">2. CD Player<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">3. Komputer<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">4. Sistem intercom<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="ft1" style="line-height: normal; "><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Kakitangan dan tugas-tugas mereka dalam Penerbitan Kamera Berbilang<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Dalam penerbitan video kamera berbilang ramai kakitangan diperlukan untuk mengendalikan peralatan-peralatan tertentu. Mereka ini mestilah mahir dengan peralatan yang dikendalikan kerana jika mereka tidak berkemahiran penerbitan atau rakaman yang dijalankan akan mengalami kecacatan. Bayangkan apabila seorang Jurukamera tidak mengetahui saiz-saiz shot yang diminta oleh Pengarah Studio. Lebih buruk lagi jika penerbitan yang sedang dijalankan itu dikeudarakan secara lintas langsung atau ‘live’. Diantara kakitangan yang terlibat dengan penerbitan video kamera berbilang ialah Pengarah Studio, Penolong Pengarah, Pengurus Pentas atau Floor Manager, Penerbit teknik, Grafik, VTR Operator, Jurulampu, Sound Supervisor dan Jurukamera atau Videographer.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Kakitangan teknikal dan bukan teknikal dalam penerbitan<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Kakitangan Teknikal</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""> dalam penerbitan televisyen mengandungi mereka yang bertanggung jawab sepenuhnya ke atas pengendalian peralatan penerbitan. Mereka merupakan sebahagian daripada krew yang termasuk Jurukamera, kakitangan audio dan pencahayaan atau lampu, pengendali VTR, penyunting video dan pengendali grafik. Kakitangan teknikal bermakna mereka mempunyai pengetahuan dalam mengendalikan peralatan berkenaan. Perlu juga diketahui bahawa tugas kakitangan teknikal dan bukan teknikal adakalanya akan 'overlap' atau bersilih ganti di antara dengan yang lain bergantung kepada saiz kumpulan penerbitan berkenaan. Contoh yang mudah, stesen penyiaran yang besar mempunyai modal yang besar untuk mengadakan kumpulan penerbitan yang besar.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Satu contoh lagi ialah dalam satu penerbitan seseorang itu boleh dilantik sebagai penerbit dan dalam sebuah penerbitan yang lain dia mungkin boleh dilantik sebagai Jurukamera.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Kakitangan berikut merupakan kakitangan atau crew yang telah dilatih sebagai crew penerbitan;</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Pengarah Teknikal</b>(Technical Director); Bertindak sebagai ketua kakitangan teknikal dalam penerbitan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Jurukamera</b>(Camera Operators); mengendali peralatan kamera, juga boleh mengendalikan lampu dalam penerbitan yang mudah. Dalam penerbitan di lapangan (ENG/EFP) mereka ini ada kalanya dikenali sebagai Videographers atau Shooters.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Pengarah Pencahayaan</b>(Lighting Director); Bertanggungjawab dalam pencahayaan dan didapati dalam penerbitan yang besar.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Pengendali Video</b>(Video Operator); Melaras atau 'adjusts' kawalan kamera untuk mendapatkan imej yang optima dan diterima dalam penerbitan terutama ketika 'Field Production'. Dia juga dikenali sebagai 'Shader'.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Juruteknik Audfio</b>(Audio Technician); Bertanggung jawab dalam semua operasi audio. Mengendali Audio Console semasa persembahan. Dia juga dikenali sebagai 'audio engineer'.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Pengendali VTR</b>(Videotape Operator); Mengendali mesin atau peralatan pita video.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Pengandali Character Generator</b>(Character Generator Operator); Menaip dan mengeluarkan dari komputer nama-nama dan lain-lain bahan grafik yang perlu di padukan dengan imej video.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">-<b>Penyunting video</b>(Videotape Editor); Mengendalikan peralatan penyuntingan semasa pos produksi. Dia membantu dalam memberi cadangan-cadangan penyuntingan yang kreatif.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Above-The-Line and Below-The-Line:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Kakitangan Above-The-Line dan Below-The-Line sebenarnya tidak berapa jelas perbezaannya. Ini adalah kerana dalam penerbitan tertentu Production Assistant atau Technical Director di kelaskan sebagai Below-The-Line, namun dalam penerbitan yang lain mereka dikelaskan sebagai kakitangan atau crew Above-The-Line. Walau bagaimanapun semua mereka adalah penting dalam penerbita televisyen.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red">ABOVE-THE-LINE:</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Executive Producer<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Producer<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Associates and Production Assistants<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Production Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Director<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Associate Director<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Art Director and Graphic Artist<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Sound Designer<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Talent<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Writer<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:red">BELOW-THE-LINE</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Studio Supervisor<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Technical Director<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Camera Operator<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Lighting Director<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Floor Manager<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Floor Persons<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Video Operator<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Audio Technician<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-C.G Operator<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Videotape Operator<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Videotape Editor<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Makeup Artist<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Wardrobe People<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align: justify;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">-Maintenance Engineer<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Tugas-tugas kakitangan penerbitan MCP<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">1. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Pengarah Studio</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Seorang Pengarah Studio bertanggung jawab dalam menyelaras dan member arahan kepada semua kakitangan dalam penerbitan kamera berbilang tersebut. Dia merupakan orang yang bertanggung jawab menukarkan skrip kepada bentuk visual yang kreatif dan sempurna. Dalam penerbitan kamera berbilang setiap arahannya mesti diikuti supaya tugas penerbitan akan dapat dilakukan dengan sempurna dan licin.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">2. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Penolong Pengarah atau pembantu Skrip</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Penolong Pengarah bertugas membantu Pengarah Studio dalam penerbitan. Tugasnya akan ditentukan oleh Pengarah Studio. Diantara tugas Penolong Pengarah ialah membantu Pengarah dalam memberikan arahan kepada krew. Dia akan memberitahu arahan seterusnya selepas Pengarah memberikan arahannya kepada krew. Penolong Perngarah juga bertugas menjaga masa penerbita tersebut. Dia juga menyemak pita-pita untuk ‘insert’ untuk penerbitan dan jugas<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>grafik.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">3. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Pengurus Pentas atau Floor Manager (FM)</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Pengurus Pentas atau lebih dikenali sebagai FM bertugas membantu Pengarah Studio dalam penerbitan MCP. Dia akan memastikan ketibaab ‘talent’ di studio. Dia juga bertanggung jawab menyampaikan setiap arahan Pengarah Studio kepada krew di ‘studio floor’. FM juga member arahan kepada ‘talent’ semasa tugas sedang berjalan. Ketika rakaman FM memberikan arahan kepada ‘talent’ dengan menggunakan bahasa isyarat. Semasa penerbitan berlangsung hanya suara ‘talent’ sahaja yang kedengaran kerana jika terdapat suara yang tidak diperlukan ia akan turut terakam atau di keudarakan. Pengurus Pentas atau FM menerima setiap arahan Pengarah Studio melalui intercom yang digunakan kerana bilik kawalan dan ‘studio floor’ dipisahkan oleh dinding cermin yang kedap.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">4. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Pereka Grafik.</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Pereka Grafik bertugas menurut apa yang diarahkan oleh Pengarah Studio. Dia bertanggung jawab mereka grafik di set serta menaip garafik untuk digunakan dalam penerbitan tersebut.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">5. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Video Tape Operator (VT)</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Operator ini bertugas mengendalikan pita-rakaman yang akan dimainkan semasa penerbitan berlangsung. Dia bertanggung jawab memeriksa pita tersebut termasuk durasinya. Dia juga bertanggung jawab membuat rakaman penerbitan tersebut ke pita.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">6. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Jurulampu</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Jurulampu bertanggung jawab memberikan pencahayaan kepada penerbitan tersebut menurut yang dikehendaki oleh pengarah Studio. Dia akan mencipta pencahayaan biasa atau pencahayaan yang kreatif untuk penerbitan berkenaan.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">7. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Jurukamera atau Videographer</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Jurukamera bertugas menurut arahan yang diberikan oleh Pengarah Studio. Pengarah Studio akan sentiasa memberikan arahan kepada Jurukamera sepanjang penerbitan tersebut berlangsung. Jurukamera mestilah mereka yang memahami tugas mereka dengan sempurna. Mereka mesti mahir dengan saiz-saiz shot, jenis shot-shot, gerakan seperti dolly, track dan sebagainya. Jika mereka kurang mahir ia akan memberikan kesan kepada Pengarah Studio. Pengarah Studio sudah tentu tidak dapat memberikan arahan dengan berkesan dan seterusnya penerbitan berkenaan akan mengalami kecacatan di sana-sini. Jurukamera akan sentiasa menerima arahan daripada Pengarah Studio melalui intercom yang terdapat pada headset yang digunakan.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">8. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Juruaudio atau Sound Supervisor</b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Juruaudio bertanggung jawab menentukan tempat-tempat untuk meletakkan mikrofon. Dia akan mengendalikan peralatan audio dan bertanggung jawab mendapatkan rakaman audio yang diperlukan oleh Pengarah Studio. Selain mengawal audio yang dirakam melalui mikrofon, dia juga bertanggung jawab memainkan audio muzik untuk menjadi ‘background’ kepada penerbitan tersebut atas arahan Pengarah Studio. Arahan diterima daripada Pengarah Studio melalui intercom yang terdapat pada headset.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Arahan-arahan Pengarah Studio kepada kakitangan penerbitan<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Sebelum memulakan sebarang rakaman di studio atau di luar studio, perancangannya telah dibuat sebelum tarikhnya tiba. Skrip, menghubungi talent, membuat rakaman footage untuk dijadikan insert semasa penerbitan mcp dan sebagainya lagi. Bila semuanya sudah selesai dan saat untuk rakaman tiba, semua krew telah berkumpul di studio. Perbincangan dengan Pengarah Studio diadakan terlebih dahulu. 30 minit sebelum rakaman atau siaran langsung semua krew telahpun berada di tempat masing-masing. Bila semuanya telah sedia, masing-masing menunggu masa untuk rakaman atau siaran langsung.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Penerbitan Kamera Berbilang ini mempunyai seorang Pengarah yang mengarahkan krew bawahannya. Tugas pengarah ialah mengarah dan menyatukan elemen-elemen penerbitan yang berbeza secara serentak dari dalam bilik kawalan(control room). Dalam penerbitan ini pengarah cuba menerbitkan sebuah hasil penerbitan yang memerlukan penyuntingan pos produksi yang minima atau dalam penerbita secara langsung atau ‘live’ dia cuba menerbitkan sebuah penerbitan yang sempurna tanpa sebarang kesilapan.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal">Pengarahan dalam penerbitan kamera berbilang merangkumi kerjasama dalam operasi teknikal yang dikendalikan oleh krew dan juga aksi talent. Seorang Pengarah Studio akan mendapati bahawa mengarah talent serta kakitangan –kakitangan <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>kamera-kamera, audio, grafik dan sebagainya adalah merupakan satu tugas yang sangat mencabar. </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Tugas mengarah dari dalam Bilik Kawalan<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Seorang Pengarah mesti prihatin bukan saja dari segi visual(shot-shot) tetapi juga dengan urutan-urutan(sequences) pelbagai shot-shot.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Bilik Kawalan memang direka khusus untuk penerbitan kamera berbilang dan ia memerlukan kerjasama diantara kemudahan rakaman serta juga manusia.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Penerbitan kamera Berbilang memerlukan latihan yang sebanyak mungkin supaya ia akan berjalan lancar.</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Latihan memberi peluang kepada Pengarah dan krew produksi apa yang akan dilakukan semasa penerbitan secara langsung dan menjadi lebih bersedia dengan apa juga kemungkinan.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal">Latihan dalam penerbitan Kamera Berbilang<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Pembacaan Skrip</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Latihan tanpa alatan</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Latihan dengan menggunakan kamera</p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:-.25in; line-height:normal;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">-<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Latihan keseluruhan dengan kamera.</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#333333"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><b><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#333333">Contoh arahan Pengarah Studio:</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT: </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">30 seconds to on air....<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: Ready graphic, ready vt, ready switcher, ready lighting, ready SA, ready FM,<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> ready Cam 1, Cam 2, Cam 3</span>, ready Audio......<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: 15 seconds to on air....<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">DIRECTOR:</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333"> Ready to roll VTR for recording....<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: 10 seconds to on air, 9, 8, 7,..<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">DIRECTOR:</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333"> Roll VTR for recording..<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:.5in;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">Ready VT to roll montage...sound on tape....<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: 5, 4, 3, 2, 1...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: Roll VT...Take VT...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-indent:13.5pt;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">FM, vtr for montage is 20 seconds....<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">we will come to studio on Cam Two,</span><br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Ready Cam Two for establish shot..</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">DIRECTOR:</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333"> We will come to studio in 10 second,<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT:</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333"> 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333"><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">:<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"> Ready Cam 2, take two....</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Ready to come up on Cam 3, ready cam 3 for MS on Lin</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">,<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom: .0001pt;text-indent:.5in;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">open mic, FM cue Lin, up on cam 3.... take 3...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">Ready music, fade in music...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:0in; margin-left:.5in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">Ready music to fade under, fade music under....<br />Ready graphic , superimpose graphic...<br />Graphic out....<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Cam 1 give me CU of talent, open mic, ready Cam 1...take One....</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">TO STOP PROGRAMME FOR ADVERTISEMENT:</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;margin-bottom:12.0pt; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: We'll have a break in 30 seconds for advertisement..<br />15 second.....<br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">: FM cue Lin....<br />Ready to roll VT for advertisement...<br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">: 10 second, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,<br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">: Roll VT, Take VT...<br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">We'll come to studio in 15 seconds on Camtwo...</span><br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Ready Cam Two...give me wide shot..</span><br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">: 10 seconds to studio, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1...<br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: </span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Ready Cam Two, Take Two; open mics; cue Lin..</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black"><br /><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:center;line-height:15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">TO CLOSE PROGRAMME:</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:black"><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:black">:</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333"> Thirty seconds to close the program...<br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">: Give her/ him a wrap-up.<br /><br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333">: Fifteen seconds.<br />10 seconds, 9,8,7...<br /></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;color:#FF6600;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">DIRECTOR</span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial; color:#333333">: <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Ready cam two</span>, ready closing credits to roll.....<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Cut to Lin. Take cam two.</span> Cut mics. Cue Lin.....<br /><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Cam two keep zooming out. Hold it.</span> Roll credits....<br />Ready to key out Graphic, key out graphic...<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Ready black....</span></span><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#333333"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br /></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:red">SCRIPT ASSISTANT</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">:</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">10 from now, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1,</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"><br /><br /></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:red">DIRECTOR</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">:</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Ready black, fade to black. Hold.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">Stop vtr. O.K, all clear. Good job everybody.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height: 15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black">Peraturan Pengarahan MCP;</span></b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Berikan semua arahan dengan jelas, tepat dan relaks tetapi sentiasa berhati-hati.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Berikan arahan kepada 'talent' sebelum beri arahan kepada kamera.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Arahan kepada 'talent' dengan menyebut nama.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Jangan beri arahan 'ready' atau 'standby' terlalu jauh daripada apa yang perlu dibuat oleh pengendali alatan video kerana kemungkinan mereka akan lupa.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Jangan berhenti di antara 'take' dan 'nombor kamera' seperti 'take (jarak masa) two' kerana seseorang 'switcher' atau 'technical director' akan menekan nombor kamera sebelum 'Pengarah' sebut nombor kamera.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Ingat dalam minda nombor kamera yang sedang ke udara. Perhatikan 'priview monitors'.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Jangan sebut 'ready' untuk sesebuah kamera dan 'take' untuk kamera yang lain.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Bercakap dengan kamera-kamera dengan menyebut nombor bukan nama pengendali kamera berkenaan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l2 level1 lfo2;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Sebut nombor kamera dahulu sebelum beri arahan;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black">contoh; 'Cam two, give me a CU of Ron'<br />'Cam three, CU of Lisa'<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Jika buat kesilapan, betulkan semampu yang boleh dan teruskan persembahan. Beri sepenuh perhatian apa yang sedang berlaku.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Jika terdapat sebarang masalah teknikal yang mesti diselesaikan dari Bilik Kawalan beritahu Floor Manager tentangnya melalui intercom.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Semasa persembahan bercakap bila perlu. Jika bercakap banyak, krew akan berhenti mendengar dan akan ketinggalan arahan-arahan yang penting. Krew akan mencontohi Pengarah dan mula berkata-kata dalam intercom.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Bersedia untuk arahan penutup. Beri arahan masa yang secukupnya kepada FM supaya FM sempat menyampaikan arahan kepada 'talent'.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:3.0pt; margin-left:0in;text-align:justify;text-indent:0in;line-height:normal; mso-list:l1 level1 lfo3;tab-stops:list .5in"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Bila persembahan telah ditamatkan (fade to black) arahkan VTR berhenti, ucapkan terima kasih kepada semua krew dan 'talent'. Jika terdapat sebarang kesilapan jangan komplen dalam studio. Ambil masa untuk bertenang dan bercakap dengan tenang kepada krew yang bertanggung jawab. Berhati-hati dalam mengkritk dan bantu mereka untuk mengelakkan kesilapan di masa akan datang.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: 15.0pt"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Arahan Pengurus Pentas atau Floor Manager kepada kakitangan di ‘studio floor’ dan ‘talent’<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Tugas Pengurus Studio ialah menyampaikan semua arahan Pengarah Studio kepada kakitangan penerbitan di ‘studio floor’ serta menyampaikan arahan Pengarah Studio kepada talent. Sebelum rakaman di buat atau di keudarakan, Pengurus Studio akan memberi arahan untuk bersedia kepada semua kakitangan penerbitan di Studio floor’. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Ketika 30 saat sebelum bermula dia akan meminta semua diam dan bersedia. Kemudian dia akan memberitahu semua kakitangan di ‘studio floor’ rakaman akan bermula 15 saat dari sekarang. Bila tiba ke saat 10 saat dia akan membuat ‘countdown’ 9, 8, 7, 6,…. Bila tiba di saat ke 5 dia Cuma ‘countdown’ tanpa suara tetapi dengan mengangkat jarinya. Pengurus Pentas atau FM akan mengikut ‘countdown’ yang dilakukan oleh Penolong Pengarah atau Pembantu Skrip dalam Bilik Kawalan.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">Contoh arahan Floor Manager;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">FM : 30 seconds to on air, please silent….<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">FM : 15 seconds to on air…<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">FM : 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, …….<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial">…..5, 4, 3, 2, 1, (mengangkat jari)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Arial"><o:p> </o:p></span><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Stand by.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color:black"> FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">mengangkat tangan pada permulaan penerbitan atau selepas sesuatu keadaan kepada yang berikutnya.</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Cue. FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">tunjuk tangan kepada ‘talent’ supaya ‘mulakan berkata-kata’.</span></span><span class="ps45"><b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Cut. FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">menggerakkan tangan melintasi leher yang bermakna ‘berhenti berkata-kata’ atau ‘berhenti bergerak’ kepada ‘talent’.</span></span><span class="ps56"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Stretch. FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">menarik tangannya menjauhi satu dengan yang lain bermakna masa masih banyak dan ‘slow down’, mendekatkan tangan2 yang membawa makna masa cuma tinggal sedikit lagi dan ‘cepat-cepat’.</span></span><span class="ps64"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Speed up.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color:black"> FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">memusingkan tangannya di atas kepala membentuk bulatan secara ‘clockwise’ yang member makna ‘talk faster’. Kelajuan bulatan yang dilakukan adalah bermakna ‘masa telah suntuk’.</span></span><span class="ps68"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">OK.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color:black"> FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">membuat bulatan dengan jari telunjuk dan ibu jari yang member makna ‘everything is fine’.</span></span><span class="ps71"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">30 seconds to go.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color:black"> FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">membentuk huruf t dengan kedua-dua tangannya yang member makna tinggal 30 saat rakaman atau segmen tersebut sebelum berakhir.</span></span><span class="ps75"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">15 seconds to go/wrap it up.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color:black"> FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">menggenggam tangan ke atas yang member makna tinggal lagi 15 saat dan ‘talent’ menamatkan apa-apa sedang dia lakukan.</span></span><span class="ps81"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Speak more softly.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color:black"> FM </span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">mengangkat tapak tangannya atas mulut yang member makna ‘speak more softly’.</span></span><span class="ps84"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Speak up.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><b><span style="color:black"> FM</span></b><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>meletakkan tangannya di telinga yang memberi makna menyuruh bercakap atau mula bercakap (speak up).</span></span><span class="ps86"><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><b><span style="color:black">Speak or look at this camera. FM </span></b><span style="color:black; mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">menunjuk ke arah kamera yang sedang ‘on-air’ yang bermakna ‘bercakap atau lihat kamera’ ( speak or look at this camera). Gerakan melambai-lambai dari satu kamera ke satu kamera yang lain bertujuan mengingatkan ‘talent’ bahawa Pengarah Studio menukarkan kamera pertama kepada kamera yang satu lagi untuk ‘on-air’.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="ft1"><span style="color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Pencahayaan dalam penerbitan video;<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black">Tujuan utama pencahayaan adalah untuk;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Cahaya menyediakan kamera video dengan pencerahan yang cukup untuk menghasilkan visual yang boleh diterima.</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:Symbol;mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Untuk menunjukkan kepada penonton bentuk sebenar objek di skreen, hubungannya dengan yang lain dan kepada persekitaran dan bila ia berlaku.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br /> <!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--><br /> <!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family:Symbol;mso-bidi-font-family:Symbol;color:black"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">·<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Untuk memperkenalkan mood peristiwa berkenaan<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; line-height: normal; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Jenis-jenis pencerahan;</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">(illumination)<br /><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Terdapat dua jenis pencerahan dalam pencahayaan televisyen iaitu secara cahaya terus(directional) dan cahaya terserak (diffused). Cahaya terarah atau terus (directional) mempunyai '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">a sharp beam</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">' yang menghasilkan bayang-bayang yang kasar atau jelas. Anda boleh halakan cahaya untuk mencerahkan sesuatu kawasan contohnya seperti lampu kereta yang memberikan '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">directional light'</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">.</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"><br /><br /></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">Diffused light</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">mempunyai cahaya yang lebar, kurang terang dan mencerahkan kawasan yang luas dan menghasilkan bayang-bayang yang lembut dan nipis, umpamanya seperti lampu flourescent.</span></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"><br /><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Lampu studio mempunyai cahaya dan bayang-bayang yang dikawal dengan teliti. Dalam '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6666">field production</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">' keperluan pencahayaan biasanya sedikit berbeza daripada pencahayaan studio. Dalam</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">ENG atau Electronic News Gathering</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">yakni liputan berita pencayaannya bergantung kepada sebuah lampu yang cukup untuk memberikan pencahayaan kepada kemera video untuk merakam apa yang sedang berlaku. Biasanya untuk ENG, hanya menggunakan cahaya yang sedia ada. Dalam beberapa tugas '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">Field Production</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">' seperti dokumentari atau drama, ia memerluan pencahayaan yang teliti sepertimana teknik pencahayaan studio. Hanya yang berbeza ialah dari segi peralatan yang '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">portable'</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">berbanding dengan studio yang mempunyai peralatan yang dipasang '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">permanent'.</span></b></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"><br /><br /><br /><span class="apple-style-span"><b>Peralatan Pencahayaan</b></span><br /><br /><span class="apple-style-span">Peralatan pencahayaan yang menghasilkan '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">directional light</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">' dikenali sebagai '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">spotlight'</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">dan yang menghasilkan '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6666">diffused light</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">' dikenali sebagai '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6666">floodlights'.</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">Dalam studio televisyen pelbagai jenis '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6666">spotlight'</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">dn '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">floodlight</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">' biasanya digantung di siling studio. Lampu studio biasanya berat dan besar untuk digunakan di luar studio dan ianya tidak sesuai. Kebanyakan</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:#FF6666">'field production'</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">menggunakan lampu yang lebih '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6666">portable'</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">dan boleh disambungkan dengan sumber kuasa elektrik yang biasa. Biasanya alatan ini menghasilkan cahaya '</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6666">floodlight'</span></b></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black">dan boleh diubahsuai untuk menghasilkan cahaya berupa</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:black"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; color:black">'</span></b></span><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#FF6666">spotlights'</span></b></span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 3pt; line-height: normal; "><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><o:p> </o:p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: normal; ">Pencahayaan <span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>dalam studio;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Key light: sumber cahaya utama yang mencerahkan subjek </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Back light: memberi cahaya dari belakang subjek bertentangan dengan kamera </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Fill light: merupakan cahaya yang diserakkan(diffused) untuk mengurangkan bayang </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Background light:dikenali juga sebagai set light untuk mencerahkan latar belakang atau set</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family:"Wingdings 2";mso-fareast-font-family:"Wingdings 2"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Wingdings 2""><span style="mso-list:Ignore"><span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman""> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Kicker light: memberikan cahaya yang ‘direct’ ke belakang subjek di sudut yang rendah bertentang dengan keylight.</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; "></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 7.5pt; line-height: 15pt; "><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Terdapat tiga katogori<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>mikrofon<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <ul type="disc" style="line-height: normal; "> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">omnidirectional<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">bi-directional<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">unidirectional<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-outline-level:3"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Omnidirectional<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-outline-level:3"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Ia juga dikenali sebagai mikrofon non directional dan boleh menangkap bunyi yang datang dari semua arah.</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"> <span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: bold">Bi-directional </span><o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes">Bi directional mikrofon ini boleh menangkap bunyi pada dua arah</span><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><br /><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"> <o:p></o:p></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Unidirectional </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight:normal"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes">Mikrofon </span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""> uni directional peka kepada bunyi yang datang dari satu arah sahaja.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span>Mikrofon juga terbahagi kepada empat katogori lagi iaitu</p> <ul type="disc"> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">cardioid<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">supercardioid<o:p></o:p></span></li> <li class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1;tab-stops:list .5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">hypercardioid<o:p></o:p></span></li></ul><div><br /></div></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 20px; "><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-outline-level:3"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Cardioid<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">Mikrofon yang mempunyai ‘cardioid pattern’ peka kepada bunyi dalam ruang yang luas di hadapannya dan kurang peka kepada bunyi di belakangnya.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-outline-level:3"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Supercardioid<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes">Mikrofon yang mempunyai ‘</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"">supercardioid pattern’ adalah lebih terarah daripada ‘cardioid pattern’ di mana ‘cardioid pattern’ lebih peka kepada bunyi dalam lingkungan 180 darjah. Sementara ‘super cardioid pattern’ peka kepada bunyi dalam lingkungan 140 darjah. Ini bermakna bunyi yang mengganggu di luar lingkungan akan terhalang. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt;mso-outline-level:3"><b><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Hypercardioid <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:15.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes">Mikrofon yang mempunyai ‘</span><span style="font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""> hypercardioid pattern’ mempunyai kepekaan yang lebih tinggi dimana ia akan peka kepada bunyi dalam lingkungan kurang daripada 140 darjah.<o:p></o:p></span></p></span></span></div><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.25in; line-height: normal; "><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: 15pt; "><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman""><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-47709574891971377082011-03-02T19:20:00.000-08:002011-03-02T19:24:11.026-08:00A Basic Glossary of Film Terms<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; "><p><a name="Aerial Shot"><span>Aerial Shot</span></a><br />A shot taken from a crane, plane, or helicopter. Not necessarily a moving shot.</p><p><a name="Backlighting"><span>Backlighting</span></a><br />The main source of light is behind the subject, silhouetting it, and directed toward the camera.</p><p><a name="Bridging Shot"><span>Bridging Shot</span></a><br />A shot used to cover a jump in time or place or other discontinuity. Examples are</p><ul><li>falling calendar pages</li><li>railroad wheels</li><li>newspaper headlines</li><li>seasonal changes</li></ul><p><a name="Camera Angle"><span>Camera Angle</span></a><br />The angle at which the camera is pointed at the subject:</p><ul><li>Low</li><li>High</li><li>Tilt</li></ul><p><a name="Cut"><span>Cut</span></a><br />The splicing of 2 <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#shot">shots</a> together. this cut is made by the film editor at the <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Editing">editing</a> stage of a film. Between sequences the cut marks a rapid transition between one time and space and another, but depending on the nature of the cut it will have different meanings.</p><p><a name="Cross-cutting"><span>Cross-cutting</span></a><br />Literally, cutting between different sets of action that can be occuring simultaneously or at different times, (this term is used synonomously but somewhat incorrectly with parallel editing.) Cross-cutting is used to build suspense, or to show the relationship between the different sets of action.</p><p><a name="Jump cut"><span>Jump cut</span></a><br />Cut where there is no match between the 2 spliced shots. Within a sequence, or more particularly a scene, jump cuts give the effect of bad editing. The opposite of a match cut, the jump cut is an abrupt cut between 2 shots that calls attention to itself because it does not match the shots seamlessly. It marks a transition in time and space but is called a jump cut because it jars the sensibilities; it makes the spectator jump and wonder where the narrative has got to. Jean-Luc Godard is undoubtedly one of the best exponents of this use of the jump cut.</p><p><a name="Continuity cuts"><span>Continuity cuts</span></a><br />These are cuts that take us seamlessly and logically from one sequence or scene to another. This is an unobtrusive cut that serves to move the narrative along.</p><p><a name="Match cut"><span>Match cut</span></a><br />The exact opposite of a jump cut within a scene. These cuts make sure that there is a spatial-visual logic between the differently positioned shots within a scene. thus, where the camera moves to, and the angle of the camera, makes visual sense to the spectator. <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#eyeline matching">Eyeline matching</a> is part of the same visual logic: the first shot shows a character looking at something off-screen, the second shot shows what is being looked at. Match cuts then are also part of the seamlessness, the reality effect, so much favoured by Hollywood.</p><p><a name="Deep focus"><span>Deep focus</span></a><br />A technique in which objects very near the camera as well as those far away are in focus at the same time.</p><p><a name="Diegesis"><span>Diegesis</span></a><br />The denotative material of film narrative, it includes, according to Christian Metz, not only the narration itself, but also the fictional space and time dimension implied by the narrative.</p><p><a name="Dissolve/lap-dissolve"><span>Dissolve/lap-dissolve</span></a><br />These terms are used inter-changably to refer to a transition between 2 sequences or scenes. generally associated with earlier cinema but still used on occasion. In a dissolve a first image gradually dissolves or fades out and is replaced by another which fades in over it. This type of transition, which is known also as a soft transition (as opposed to the cut), suggests a longer passage of time than a cut.</p><p><a name="Dolly"><span>Dolly</span></a><br />A set of wheels and a platform upon which the camera can be mounted to give it mobility. Dolly shot is a shot taken from a moving dolly. Almost synonomous in general usage with <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Tracking shot">tracking shot</a> or <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Follow shot">follow shot</a></p><p><a name="Editing"><span>Editing</span></a><br />Editing refers literally to how <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#shot">shots</a> are put together to make up a film. Traditionally a film is made up of sequences or in some cases, as with avant-garde or art cinema, or again, of successive shots that are assembled in what is known as collision editing, or <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Montage">montage</a>.</p><p><a name="ellipsis"><span>ellipsis</span></a><br />A term that refers to periods of time that have been left out of the narrative. The ellipsis is marked by an editing transitions which, while it leaves out a section of the action, none the less signifies that something has been elided. Thus, the fade or dissolve could indicate a passage of time, a wipe, a change of scene and so on. A jump cut transports the spectator from one action and time to another, giving the impression of rapid action or of disorientation if it is not matched.</p><p><a name="eyeline matching"><span>eyeline matching</span></a><br />A term used to point to the continuity editing practice ensuring the logic of the look or <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#gaze">gaze.</a> In other words, eyeline matching is based on the belief in mainstream cinema that when a character looks into off-screen space the spectator expects to see what he or she is looking at. Thus there will be a cut to show what is being looked at:</p><ul><li>object</li><li>view</li><li>another character</li></ul>Eyeline then refers to the trajectory of the looking eye.<p>The eyeline match creates order and meaning in cinematic space. Thus, for example, character A will look off-screen at character B. Cut to character B, who-if she or he is in the same room and engaged in an exchange either of glances or words with character A-will return that look and so 'certify' that character A is indeed in the space from which we first saw her or him look. This "stabilising" is true in the other primary use of the eyeline match which is the <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Reverse angle">shot/reverse angle shot</a>, also known as the reverse angle shot, commonly used in close-up dialogue secenes. The camera adopts the eyeline trajectory of the interlocutor looking at the other person as she or he speaks, then switches to the other person's position and does the same.</p><p><a name="Extreme long shot"><span>Extreme long shot</span></a><br />A panoramic view of an exterior location photographed from a considerable distance, often as far as a quarter-mile away. May also serve as the <b>establishing shot</b></p><p><a name="Fade in"><span>Fade in</span></a><br />A punctuation device. The screen is black at the beginning; gradually the image appears, brightening to full strength. The opposite happens in the <b>fade out</b></p><p><a name="Fill light"><span>Fill light</span></a><br />An auxiliary light, usually from the side of the subject that can soften shadows and illuminate areas not covered by the <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Key light">key light</a></p><p><a name="Flashback"><span>Flashback</span></a><br />A scene or sequence (sometime an entire film), that is inserted into a scene in "present" time and that deals with the past. The flashback is the past tense of the film.</p><p><a name="Flash-forward"><span>Flash-forward</span></a><br />On the model of the <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Flashback">flashback</a>, scenes or shots of future time; the future tense of the film.</p><p><a name="Focus"><span>Focus </span></a><br />The sharpness of th image. A range of distances from the camera will be acceptably sharp. Possible to have <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Deep focus">deep focus</a>, <b>shallow focus</b>.<br /><b>Focus in, focus out</b>: a punctuation device whereby the image gradually comes into focus or goes out of focus.</p><p><a name="Follow shot"><span>Follow shot </span></a><br />A <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Tracking shot">tracking shot</a> or <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Zoom">zoom</a> which follows the subject as it moves.</p><p><a name="Framing"><span>Framing </span></a><br />The way in which subjects and objects are framed within a shot produces specific readings. Size and volume within the frame speak as much as dialogue. So too do camera angles. Thus, for example, a high-angle extreme long shot of two men walking away in the distance, (as in the end of Jean Renoir's <i>La Grande Illusion</i>, 1937) points to their vulnerablility - they are about to dissapear, possibly die. Low angle shots in medium close-up on a person can point to their power, but it can also point to ridicule because of the distortion factor.</p><p><a name="gaze"><span>gaze/look </span></a><br />This term refers to the excahnge of looks that takes place in cinema but it was not until the 1970s that it was written about and theorised. In the early 1970s, first French and then British and American film theorists began applying psychoanalysis to film in an attempt to discuss the spectator/screen relationship as well as the textual relationships within the film. Drawing in particular on Freud's theory of libido drives and Lacan's theory of the mirror stage, they sought to explain how cinema works at the level of the unconscious. Indeed, they maintained that the processes of the cinema mimics the workings of the unconscious. The spectator sits in a darkened room, desiring to look at the screen and deriving visual pleasure from what he or she sees. Part of that pleasure is also derived from the narcissistic identification she or he feels with the person on the screen. But there is more; the spectator also has the illusion of controlling that image. First, because the Renaissance perspective which the cinematic image provides ensures that the spectator is subject of the gaze; and second, given that the projector is positioned behind the spectator's head, this means that the it is as if those images are the spectator's own imaginings on screen.</p><p>Feminists took up this concept of the gaze and submitted it to more rigorous analysis. Laura Mulvey's vital and deliberately-polemical article, <i>Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema </i>(1975) started the debate by demonstrating the domination of the male gaze, within and without the screen, at the expense of the woman's; so much so that the female spectator had little to do, gaze upon or identify with. The exchange or relay of looks, (as it is also known) within film reproduces the voyeuristic pleasure of the cinematic apparatus <b><i>but only for the male</i></b>. In fact, given that woman is normally, both within the film and on screen, the prime object that is being looked at, (and thus controlled) much feminist film theory has argued that the gaze is male through and through. It has thus been held that by attempting to expose how woman is constructed cinematically as an object of the male gaze, it is possible to deconstruct the normalising or naturalising process of patriarchal (male) socialisation.</p><p><a name="Iris in/iris out"><span>Iris in/iris out </span></a><br />An old technique of punctuation that utilises a diaphragm in front of the lens, which is opened (iris in) or closed (iris out) to begin or end a scene. The iris can also be used to focus attention on a detail of the scene.</p><p><a name="Key light"><span>Key light</span></a><br />The main light on a subject. Usually placed at a 45 degree angle to the camera-subject axis. In high key lighting, the key light provides all or most of the light in the scene. In low key lighting, the key light provides much less of the total illumination.</p><p><a name="Master shot"><span>Master shot</span></a><br />A long take of an entire scene, generally a relatively long shot that facilitates the assembly of component closer shots and details. The editor can always fall back on the master shot: consequently, it is alo called a <i>cover shot</i>.</p><p><a name="Medium shot"><span>Medium shot</span></a><br />A shot intermediate between a <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Close-up/extreme close-up">close-up </a>and a full shot.</p><p><a name="Montage"><span>Montage</span></a><br />Simply, <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Editing">editing</a>. More particularly: Eisenstein's idea that adjacent shots should relate to each other in such a way that A and B combine to produce another meaning, C, which is not actually recorded on the film.</p><p><a name="Mise-en-Scene"><span>Mise-en Scene</span></a><br />The term usually used to denote that part of the cinematic process that takes place on the set, as opposed to <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Editing">editing</a>, which takes place afterwards. Literally, the "putting-in-the-scene":</p><ul><li>the direction of actors</li><li>placement of cameras</li><li>choice of lenses etc</li></ul><p><a name="Pan"><span>Pan</span></a><br />(abbreviation of panorma) Movement of the camera from left to right or right to left around the imaginary vertical axis that runs through the camera. A panning shot is sometimes confused with a <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Tracking shot">tracking shot</a>.</p><p><a name="Point of view shot"><span>Point of view shot</span></a><br />(Often abbreviated as 'pov'). A shot which shows the scene from the specfic point of view of one of the characters.</p><p><a name="Pull back shot"><span>Pull back shot</span></a><br />A <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Tracking shot">tracking shot</a>or<a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Zoom">zoom</a>that moves back from the subject to reveal the context of the scene.</p><p><a name="Rack focusing"><span>Rack focusing</span></a><br />A technique that uses shallow focus (shallow depth of field) to direct the attention of the viewer forcibly from one subject to another. Focus is "pulled", or changed, to shift the focus plane, often rapidly, sometimes several times within the shot.</p><p><a name="Reverse angle"><span>Reverse angle</span></a><br />A shot from the opposite side of a subject. In a dialogue scene, a shot of the second participant.</p><p><a name="Scene"><span>Scene</span></a><br />A complete unit of film narration. A series of shots (or a single shot) that takes place in a single location and that deals with a single action. Sometimes used interchangably with sequence.</p><p><a name="shot"><span>shot</span></a><br />In terms of camera distance with respect to the object within the shot, there are basically 7 types of shots;</p><ol><li><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Close-up/extreme close-up"><span class="Apple-style-span">extreme close-up</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Close-up/extreme close-up"><span class="Apple-style-span">close-up</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Medium close-up"><span class="Apple-style-span">medium close-up</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Medium shot"><span class="Apple-style-span">medium shot</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Medium long shot"><span class="Apple-style-span">medium long shot</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Long shot"><span class="Apple-style-span">long shot</span></a></li><li><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Extreme long shot"><span class="Apple-style-span">extreme long shot or distance shot</span></a></li></ol>In addition, the terms <i>one-, two-, and three-shots </i>are used to describe shots framing one, two, or three people - usually in<ul><li>medium close-ups<br />or</li><li>medium shots</li></ul><p><a name="Close-up/extreme close-up"><span>Close-up/extreme close-up (CU/ECU)</span></a><br />The subject framed by the camera fills the screen. Connotation can be of intimacy, of having access to the mind or thought processes (including the subconscious) of the character. These shots can be used to stress the importance of a particular character at a particular moment in a film or place her or him as central to the narrative by singling out the character in CU at the beginning of the film. It can signify the star exclusively (as in many Hollywood productions of the 1930s and 1940s). CUs can also be used on objects and parts of the body other than the face. In this instance they can designate imminent action (a hand picking up a knife, for example), and thereby create suspense. Or they can signify that an object will have an important role to play in the development of the narrative. Often these shots have a symbolic value, usually due to their recurrence during the film. How and where they recur is revealing not only of their importance but also of the direction or meaning of the narrative.</p><p><a name="Medium close-up"><span>Medium close-up (MCU)</span></a><br />Close-up of one or two (sometimes three) characters, generally framing the shoulders or chest and the head. The term can also be used when the camera frames the character(s) from the waist up (or down), provided the character is right to the forefront and fills the frame, (otherwise this type of of shot is a medium shot).An MCU of two or three characters can indicate</p><ul><li>a coming together</li><li>an intimacy</li><li>a certain solidarity.</li></ul><p>Conversely, if there is a series of two and one shots, these MCUs would suggest a complicity between two people against a third who is visually separate in another shot.</p><p><a name="Medium shot"><span>Medium shot (MS)</span></a><br />Generally speaking, this shot frames a character from the waist, hips or knees up (or down). The camera is sufficiently distanced from the body for the character to be seen in relation to her or his surroundings (in an apartment, for example).</p><p>Typically, characters will occupy half to two-thirds of the frame. This shot is very commonly used in indoor sequences allowing for a visual signification of relationships between characters. Compare a two-shot MS and a series of separate one-shots in MS of two people. The former suggests intimacy, the latter distance. The former shot could change in meaning to one of distance, however, if the two characters were separated by an object (a pillar, table or telephone, for example). Visually this shot is more complex, more open in terms of its readability than the preceeding ones. The characters can be observed in relation to different planes, background middle ground and foreground, and it is the inter-relatedness of these planes which also serves to produce a meaning.</p><p><a name="Medium long shot"><span>Medium long shot (MLS)</span></a><br />Halfway between a long and a medium shot. If this shot frames a character then the whole body will be in view towards the middle ground of the shot. A quite open shot in terms of readability, showing considerably more of the surroundings in relation to the character(s).</p><p><a name="Long shot"><span>Long shot (LS)</span></a><br />Subject or characters are at some distance from the camera; they are seen in full within their surrounding environment.</p><p><a name="Extreme long shot"><span>Extreme long shot (ELS)</span></a><br />The subject or characters are very much to the background of the shot. Surroundings now have as much if not more importance, especially if the shot is in high-angle. A first way to consider these shots is to say that a shot lends itself to a greater or lesser readability dependent on its type or length. As the camera moves further away from the main subject (whether person or object) the visual field lends itself to an increasingly more complex reading - in terms of the relationship between the main subject and the decor there is more for the spectator's eye to read or decode. This means that the closer up the shot, the more the spectator's eye is directed by the camera to the specified reading.</p><p><span class="Apple-style-span"><a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#shot">Shots</a>, in and of themselves, can have a subjective or objective value: the closer the shot, the more subjective its value, the more the meaning is inscribed from within the shot; conversely, the longer the distance of the shot the more objective its value, the greater the participation of the spectator or reader in the inscription of meaning. other factors influence the readability of a shot. A high or low camera angle can de-naturalise a shot or reinforce its symbolic value. Take, for example, an ELS that is shot at a high angle. This automatically suggests the presence of someone looking, thus the shot is implicitly a <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Point of view shot">point of view shot.</a>In this way some of the objective value or openness of that shot, (which it would retain if angled horizontally at 90 degrees) is taken away, the shot is no longer 'naturally' objective. The shot is still open to a greater reading than a CUC, however; although the angle imposes a preferred reading (someone is looking down from on high). In terms of illustrating what is meant by reinforcing symbolic value, the contrastive examples of a low- and high-angle CU can serve here. The former type of shot will distort the object within the frame, rendering it uglier, more menacing, more derisory; conversely, when a high-angle CU is used, the object can appear more vulnerable, desirable.</span></p><p><a name="Subjective camera"><span>Subjective camera</span></a><br />The camera is used in such a way as to suggest the point of view of a particular character.</p><ol><li>High- or low-angle <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#shot">shots</a> indicate where she or he is looking from</li><li>a panoramic or <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Pan">panning shot</a> suggests she or he is surveying the scene</li><li>a <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Tracking shot">tracking shot </a>or a hand-held camera shot signifies the character on motion.</li></ol><p>Subjective shots like these also implicate the spectator into the narrative in that she or he identifies with the point of view.</p><p><a name="Story board"><span>Story board</span></a><br />A series of drawings and captions (sometimes resembling a comic strip) that shows the planned shot divisions and camera movements of the film.</p><p><a name="Take"><span>Take</span></a><br />One version of a <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#shot">shot</a>.A film-maker shoots one or more takes of each shot or set-up. Only one of each group of takes appears in the final film.</p><p><a name="Tilt shot"><span>Tilt shot</span></a><br />The camera tilts up or down, rotating around the axis that runs from left to right through the camera head.</p><p><a name="Tracking shot"><span>Tracking shot/travelling shot/dollying shot</span></a><br />Terms used for a shotwhen the camera is being moved by means of wheels:</p><ul><li>on a dolly (a low tracking shot)</li><li>in a car</li><li>or even a train.</li></ul><p>The movement is normally quite fluid (except perhaps in some of the wider car chases) and the tracking can be either fast or slow. Depending on the speed, this shot has different connotations, eg:</p><ul><li>like a dream or trance if excessively slow</li><li>bewildering and frightening if excessively frenetic</li></ul><p>A tracking shot can go</p><ul><li>backwards</li><li>left to right</li><li>right to left</li></ul>The way in which a person is framed in that shot has a specific meaning, (for example, if the camera holds a person in the frame but that person is at one extreme or other of the frame, this could suggest a sense of imprisonment).<p><a name="Steadicam"><span>Steadicam</span></a><br />The invention of cameraman Garret Brown (developed in conjunction with Cinema Products, Inc.), this is a system which permits hand-held filming with an image steadiness comparable to tracking shots. A vest redistributes the weight of the camera to the hips of the cameraman; a spring-loaded arm minimises the motion the camera; a video monitor frees the cameraman from the eyepiece.</p><p><a name="Swish pan"><span>Swish pan</span></a><br />Also called</p><ul><li>flick pan</li><li>zip pan</li><li>whip pan.</li></ul>A panning shot in which the intervening scene moves past too quickly to be observed. It approximates psychologically the action of the human eye as it moves from one subject to another.<p><a name="Wipe"><span>Wipe</span></a><br />An optical effect in which an image appears to "wipe-off" or push aside the preceeding image. Very common in the 1930s; less so today.</p><p><a name="Voice-over"><span>Voice-over</span></a><br />The narrator's voice when the narrator is not seen. Common in television commercials, but also in film noir.</p><p><a name="Zoom"><span>Zoom</span></a><br />A shot using a lens whose focal length is adjusted during the shot. Zooms are sometimes used in place of <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Tracking shot">tracking shots</a>, but the differences between the two are significant. A zoom normally ends in a <a href="http://www.springhurst.org/cinemagic/glossary_terms.htm#Close-up/extreme close-up">close-up</a>, a zoom-back in a general shot. Both types of shot imply a rapid movement in time and space, and as such create the illusion of displacement in time and space. A zoom-in picks out and isolates a person or object, a zoom-out places that person or object in a wider context. A zoom shot can be seen, therefore, as voyeurism at its most desirably perfect.</p><p></p><hr size="1">"diambil daripada laman web...."<p style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255); "></p></span>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-44148086331869361622011-03-02T17:15:00.000-08:002011-03-02T17:16:18.184-08:00Reflector (artikel dari Video Maker.<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; "><h1 style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 310%/normal Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); ">Light Source: Using Reflectors Like a Pro</h1><div class="gallery" style="width: 204px; float: left; margin-right: 10px; "><div class="gallerycontrol" style="display: block; float: left; width: 99px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 1px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1px; font-size: 10px; text-align: center; height: 12px; "></div><img class="galimg" id="ig0" src="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/9348/0.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; clear: left; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; width: 200px; " /></div><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Reflectors are so versatile, useful and simple that professional videographers deploy them even in high-rent productions. Advanced amateurs may know how to use reflectors for outdoor fill light, but that's only their most obvious application. So let's conduct a quick flyover of professional reflector techniques, both outdoors and in.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">First, lets take a quick taxonomy of reflector species. Reflectors are either rigid or flexible. Rigid reflectors may be faced (in order, from brightest to softest) with shiny aluminum, matte aluminum, wrinkled aluminum or white paper. Paper-faced reflectors are usually foamcore: rigid Styrofoam sandwiched between paper surfaces and available at any art or craft store. (Tip: pay the modest premium for one-inch-thick boards. They far outlast thinner ones.)</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Flexible reflectors are usually cloth spread across thin metal hoops that can be folded for storage. Fabrics may be metallic for greater reflectivity or plain for a soft, diffuse effect. They come in white or sometimes gold, for reasons detailed in the sidebar.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Which to choose? Flexible reflectors are light and easily stored, but they're unstable in any breeze, making their light waver visibly on-screen. Hard reflectors are cheap to buy (or easy to make for almost nothing) but they're bulky and rigid, making them difficult to transport and store away.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Since these critters are most often used in wide open spaces, let's see how to employ reflectors outdoors as key, fill, rim or background lights. (NOTE: For simplicity, we'll describe everything via a clock face metaphor, with the subject at the center and the camcorder at six o'clock.)</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><b>Reflector Key Light</b><br />With the sun shining, why make your primary light a reflector? Often the sun's in the wrong position or the subject's standing in adjacent shade. In fact, the sun can become a gorgeous rim light, outlining the subject's head and shoulders and separating them from the background.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Start by placing your subject with the sun behind them (between ten and two o'clock). Then use a white reflector placed between four and eight o'clock, close to the subject and just below eye level, to fill in nose and chin shadows . If you want to get fancy, use a reflector on either side, with the key unit closer, so the subject is lighter on that side.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">A reflector key light also works well when the subject is in the shade. Bounce the light in, moving the reflector in or out until it is two to three times as bright as the ambient shade light that is ultimately creating the fill.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><b>Reflector Fill Light</b><br />More often, we'll use the sun as the key and the reflector for the fill, with each light source placed between three and nine o'clock, though I personally limit the arc to four to eight on our clock face. As always, place the reflector just slightly below the subject's eye level to fill nose and chin shadows. Too high a position delivers a Hitler moustache effect and too low creates a vampire. If the sun is at seven to eight o'clock, you can often get a nice effect with the reflector all the way around to three o'clock, filling the subject's profile.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Every type of reflector can and should be used for fill. For closeups, a diffuse white card looks most natural, but its intensity is too low for the throws required in longer shots. If you're short-handed, have subjects aim a white card, held below the frame line, up at themselves for their closeups. It often works great.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">When higher intensity is needed, bring in the aluminum or metallic fabric models. They have enough punch to work effectively out of camera range. Always try to use the softest version that will deliver enough fill, starting with a metallic fabric model.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Using aluminum reflectors for key or fill light requires care, because they throw a hard, narrow beam and they can make subjects squint unattractively. Make sure you place them far enough away to reduce their intensity.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><b>Reflector Rim Light</b><br />Those hard aluminum surfaces are perfect for rim-lighting the subject, especially when the sun is between four and eight o'clock. Place the reflector very high and opposite the sun or as nearly opposite as possible while staying out of frame.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Rim lighting works best when a second reflector is delivering fill light, as described in the previous section. If the sun is close enough to six o'clock and low enough in the sky, fill light may be unnecessary, but the golden glow of rim light might look wonderful.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">When the subject is in shade, rim lighting doesn't work, unless the protected spot is just outside a sunny area. A hard aluminum unit in the sun can often bounce light off a second hard unit in the shade and back onto the subject's hair and shoulders. That's what bright aluminum reflectors are for: very long throws of relatively narrow light beams. In bright sunlight, I've seen hard aluminum units set as far as 100 feet away, from which position they can spread a broad, diffuse light on subjects without hurting their eyes.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><b>Reflector Background light</b><br />Suppose you have a subject in the sun with, say, a shaded building wall as background. That makes for great facial exposure, but often a boring background. To spark it up, fill in the backing with one or more hard aluminum reflectors (softer models are too low-intensity to work) .</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Here, the keys to success are angle and distance. If the wall is parallel to 12 o'clock, behind the subject, try to get the reflector as close as 11 o'clock (sun angle permitting) to rake the background with an oblique wash of light.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">If you have the resources, aim multiple reflectors at different areas of the background (I've used three or four) . With care, you can producea variegated and interesting wash of light that looks quite natural.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Or you can go a step further and use an improvised cookie. A cookie, short for "cukaloris" (a word lost in the mists of theatrical history), is a stencil pattern of leaves, bars or whatever you like that is placed between a spotlight and a surface. Cookies create interesting light and shadow patterns.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Hard aluminum reflectors throw a concentrated light beam that you can place cookies in front of them to create surface patterns. To control the effect, move the cookie closer to the reflector for softer edges or farther away for harder ones. Because of the large surface areas of reflectors, the cookies must be much larger than those used indoors with spotlights. Outdoors, I sometimes improvise and use a dead branch with leaves still on it. Even if the leaves move in the wind, the effect on the background is quite natural.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><b>Reflectors indoors</b><br />Reflectors are not as versatile indoors because the light sources they depend on aren't as powerful as sunlight. Even so, you can easily use them to make one light do the work of two.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">If you're working with just one spotlight, use it as a key light and place a large, white card out of frame on the opposite side . The result is a very soft, natural looking fill light. You can even soften the naturally hard spot beam a bit with spun glass diffusion (e.g. a furnace filter) and still put out enough light for the reflector.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Even if you have more spotlights, you may want a softer look to your lighting design. To achieve it, turn the lights away from the subject and bounce them back in with reflectors. In this application, metallic cloth or crinkled aluminum types work better than ultra-soft white cards. Carrying this to its logical conclusion, I've seen studios with 8x8 foot white walls on roll-around stands that make jumbo-sized reflectors delivering window light quality soft illumination.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">So there's a quick rundown on reflectors. Once you see how versatile they are, you'll realize that reflectors aren't lights for poverty-stricken productions: they're versatile tools that pros use all the time.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">[Sidebar: Going for Gold]<br />Foamcore, cloth and even some hard reflectors can be colored gold instead of white. Hoop-and-fabric units are sometimes two-sided, with one side gold and one side silver.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Gold reflectors are very useful for warming up the light they throw. Here are just a few ways to use them:</p><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">To simulate the magic hour look of sunset.</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">To counteract the naturally bluish cast of open shade.</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">To warm up one light source (also useful in creating day-for-night effects).</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">To add glamour to closeups, either as fill light or as a warm rim light on hair and shoulders.<p style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">The most economical way to acquire a warm reflector is by buying a piece of tinted foamcore. Instead of true gold, try a lighter yellow color to start, then experiment until you find what suits your needs.</p><p style="line-height: 21px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 15px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">[Sidebar: Zoom In]<br />A telephoto lens is excellent for close-ups. Not only does it flatter human faces, but it includes less background, letting you sneak reflectors as close as even the eleven o'clock position.</p></li></span>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-43931816986430190192011-01-05T18:20:00.000-08:002011-01-05T18:22:43.420-08:00Learn Basics to Becoming a Film Maker<div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">Learn Basics to Becoming a Film Maker</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">2</div><div style="text-align: left;">Start With a Good Story</div><div style="text-align: left;">To begin with, in a nutshell, filmmaking is broken down into three parts. Pre-production,</div><div style="text-align: left;">Production, and Post-production. Distribution is the last part, way down on the timeline</div><div style="text-align: left;">and doesn’t come into play until everything is in the can. However, if you are ever going</div><div style="text-align: left;">to get to distribution you will need to spend a great deal of time in the Pre-production</div><div style="text-align: left;">phase. There are times when you don’t have that luxury, especially if you are shooting</div><div style="text-align: left;">on the fly, but more often than not a film can take years to make. This can keep it in the</div><div style="text-align: left;">Pre-production process much longer.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If I was to write about filmmaking, and I am (wink), I guess I would have to start with the</div><div style="text-align: left;">script, story, or concept. Screenwriting is usually split into three different styles. They</div><div style="text-align: left;">are: narrative (linear), non-linear, and documentary. Narrative stories follow a timeline</div><div style="text-align: left;">taking the story from beginning and moving chronologically to the end.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Non-linear is the opposite of chronological. An example of a non-linear is the movie</div><div style="text-align: left;">“Momento” or “Pulp Fiction”. These directors chopped up time and used time</div><div style="text-align: left;">sequencing to throw the viewer off balance. While non-linear has gained popularity, it</div><div style="text-align: left;">seems that the narrative film is the more enduring style. It is much more difficult for</div><div style="text-align: left;">folks to figure out what is going on in the non-linear format, that may be one of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">reasons it is used.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The third format would simply be, documentary. This is a real-time reality presentation</div><div style="text-align: left;">letting the facts present themselves with little or no direction or editing. Documentary is</div><div style="text-align: left;">different from Narrative in that the director works to keep from manipulating the</div><div style="text-align: left;">production as little as possible. Narrative film is all about the director manipulating a</div><div style="text-align: left;">scene to illicit certain reactions from the viewer, therein lies the difference between the</div><div style="text-align: left;">two.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Depending on the story you are telling, you will choose the best format to use. While the</div><div style="text-align: left;">narrative and linear may have traditional scripting, you may have to refer to an interview</div><div style="text-align: left;">script in the documentary format. This may simply be a list of questions to be asked,</div><div style="text-align: left;">usually by an off camera interviewer, allowing the subject/talent to drive the dialog.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Many times there is no real dialog to script except for the questions an interviewer will</div><div style="text-align: left;">ask. Much of documentary film is done by showing up and filming things as they are</div><div style="text-align: left;">happening with some narration to explain to the viewer what they are watching.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There was a type of documentary films referred to Cinema Verit . This means “cinema</div><div style="text-align: left;">truth” in French and of course was made popular by the French in the 1950’s. This was</div><div style="text-align: left;">done as an effort to remove artifice from film to allow a more truthful depiction of a</div><div style="text-align: left;">story.</div><div style="text-align: left;">In Verit the camera is to be merely set up and turned on. Additionally there is to be as</div><div style="text-align: left;">little editing as possible. The theory being that even the act of editing a film is</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">3</div><div style="text-align: left;">manipulating the true representation of what is really (truthfully) happening. Hey, these</div><div style="text-align: left;">guys would have loved Reality TV, but at the time (1950’s) Verit was considered cutting</div><div style="text-align: left;">edge.</div><div style="text-align: left;">So now you need an idea, a concept, an inspiration. If you want to make film you have to</div><div style="text-align: left;">have a story or two in you, so if you don’t already have a story itching to get out, then</div><div style="text-align: left;">you need to brainstorm. The word brainstorm means that your brain puts out, literally, a</div><div style="text-align: left;">storm of energy with all the ideas pouring out like swollen rain gutters.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This will happen somewhere after your first cup of coffee on a Sunday morning or in the</div><div style="text-align: left;">shower, maybe even on a street corner. You got into the idea of filmmaking because to</div><div style="text-align: left;">some extent you must be a creative person. So, I recommend lots of caffeine and your</div><div style="text-align: left;">favorite conditions for daydreaming.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Your most comfortable chair, and a good computer are always good, but inspiration can</div><div style="text-align: left;">come at inconvenient times when you are away from the comfort of your own computer</div><div style="text-align: left;">and desk. Always have something to write with and a piece of paper handy in case of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">“writing rapture” or sudden inspiration.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Another way to handle this is to have a small tape recorder or a voice recognition</div><div style="text-align: left;">software. There are several inexpensive MP3 players that play/store music as well as</div><div style="text-align: left;">letting you record. These will have a small microphone already in the device. Use this to</div><div style="text-align: left;">get your ideas down.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When you are in the grocery store or just crossing the street it is a good idea to be able to</div><div style="text-align: left;">get it (your inspired ideas) down before it leaks back out of your ear. I swear from the</div><div style="text-align: left;">crosswalk to the car I can forget an idea, that is how scattered my brain is. If however, all</div><div style="text-align: left;">you are left to write down your ideas with is a purple crayon and an old piece of paper,</div><div style="text-align: left;">well then, just go with it.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It is always nice to have a partner in the writing process. Actually, it is good to have a</div><div style="text-align: left;">partner through the whole production process. Ben Affleck and Matt Damon are the</div><div style="text-align: left;">most notable partnership that comes to mind. Having each other to bounce ideas off of</div><div style="text-align: left;">can make things happen quicker and it is a hell of a lot more fun.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Dialog is not done in a vacuum. Someone has to write it and someone has to say it, then</div><div style="text-align: left;">someone has to hear it. This is a symbiotic relationship, each part depending on the</div><div style="text-align: left;">other, hence the need for a partnership of some sort to use as a sounding board.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The most exciting time for me in the whole screenwriting process is to have taken a class</div><div style="text-align: left;">in writing screenplays and to have a panel reading in that class. Everyone in the class has</div><div style="text-align: left;">to pick a scene from their screenplay and have a panel of people read it aloud to an</div><div style="text-align: left;">audience consisting of the rest of the class.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">4</div><div style="text-align: left;">All participants in the class have an opportunity to be the author, the actor and the</div><div style="text-align: left;">audience each in their own turn. After the reading, each student’s script is discussed.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This has got to be one of the best experiences in writing I have ever had especially for</div><div style="text-align: left;">writing comedy.</div><div style="text-align: left;">In comedy, you know immediately if you’ve got winning dialog just by whether you get</div><div style="text-align: left;">the laugh or not. Not everyone can achieve this so don’t be discouraged if you don’t get</div><div style="text-align: left;">a laugh. That is what your group can help you figure out afterward, this is where the</div><div style="text-align: left;">brainstorming comes in. Comedy is difficult to write. You have to have a good sense of</div><div style="text-align: left;">timing. It seems with comedy, you either have a gift for it or you don’t.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The trick here is to do these group readings regularly with a line of progression</div><div style="text-align: left;">happening in the film writing process. The idea is to have a whole screenplay at the end</div><div style="text-align: left;">of it all. It doesn’t matter if it is two people or a whole group of people, but do meet with</div><div style="text-align: left;">your partners, meet regularly and do your writing in between. At the end of a few</div><div style="text-align: left;">months you will have something to show for your efforts.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It’s all in the rewrite. Rewriting will be the Bain of your existence as a writer but you</div><div style="text-align: left;">will eventually find out that it is a process that pays off greatly in the end. Additionally,</div><div style="text-align: left;">you will want to save your drafts from each rewrite because you may want to refer to</div><div style="text-align: left;">them later, so try to keep each version complete. I suggest making files expressly for</div><div style="text-align: left;">your different drafts and you may want to keep these and all your writing in a safe place.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Make back-up copies on a Thumb drive or disk and keep that in a safe place in case</div><div style="text-align: left;">something happens, like your computer crashing.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you have it on paper, tell your story to you parents, your wife, your kids, your sister</div><div style="text-align: left;">or brother, your best friend and just about anybody that knows you intimately. Observe</div><div style="text-align: left;">their reactions. If they are negative don’t worry, move onto telling a friend or someone</div><div style="text-align: left;">else that may be more objective.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Be careful how you tell your story because you are not in the business of giving away</div><div style="text-align: left;">your ideas for free however, do tell it or parts of it and see how people react. You do not</div><div style="text-align: left;">tell stories or write screenplays in a vacuum. You must want at some level to please the</div><div style="text-align: left;">public, therefore you must have some sort of an arena for you to gage how effective your</div><div style="text-align: left;">story is.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I wrote a screenplay for class and I felt very passionate about it. I was very excited to</div><div style="text-align: left;">hear what would happen after it was read by a panel of students in my class. The reaction</div><div style="text-align: left;">to the reading was a split, one half of the class loved it and the other half had a big</div><div style="text-align: left;">reaction to it. It made them uncomfortable and they didn’t like it. They all had loud</div><div style="text-align: left;">opinions about the script.</div><div style="text-align: left;">At first I was very worried but then the teacher finally had his word with the class on</div><div style="text-align: left;">their split opinion. He told them that my screenplay was effective. Not necessarily</div><div style="text-align: left;">because everyone liked it, but because it had people on both sides of the issue reacting</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">5</div><div style="text-align: left;">and talking, this caused them to engage in a dialog about the issues that the film brought</div><div style="text-align: left;">out.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The teacher told the class that it didn’t matter what they said, at least they were all</div><div style="text-align: left;">talking. I thought it sounded a bit like “all press it good, even bad press”, but he seemed</div><div style="text-align: left;">to think that this was a good indicator of how my script would be received. After I</div><div style="text-align: left;">thought about it I saw that he had a point.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When the movie “Monster’s Ball” came out I heard what people said around me about it.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There were those that just did not like it and there were those that thought the sex in the</div><div style="text-align: left;">movie was just gross, yada, yada, yada. I, however, saw the sex as an integral part of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">film. While the act of Hallie Barry having sex right after the death of her son was</div><div style="text-align: left;">considered an irreverent and inappropriate one, it was also seen by other’s as very honest</div><div style="text-align: left;">and very human and life affirming.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Most importantly, it had people talking and you can’t ask for better press that that. Hallie</div><div style="text-align: left;">Barry needed this vehicle to punch her through to the success she gained in being the first</div><div style="text-align: left;">Black Woman to win an Oscar. She would not have made it through with a role that was</div><div style="text-align: left;">written limp-wristed. It had to have an edge to it. The old Hollywood formula of</div><div style="text-align: left;">screenwriting has changed.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There are some that still prefer a good conflict neatly resolved at the end of the story but</div><div style="text-align: left;">there is now an equal share of the market going to those that write about stories that do</div><div style="text-align: left;">not have nice neat resolutions to them. These are the movies that are meant to be</div><div style="text-align: left;">unsettling and make you ask “now what did they mean by that?” So whatever you story</div><div style="text-align: left;">happens to be, just tell it.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When you are out observing people at someplace like the mall, notice their movements</div><div style="text-align: left;">and expressions. If they are talking, listen shamelessly to what they are saying. If it is</div><div style="text-align: left;">interesting you won’t be able to help yourself. Use it in your screenplay. This type of</div><div style="text-align: left;">observing can help you to make your sketches for the characters in your script.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There can be several triggers to get the script out on the page. Do character development</div><div style="text-align: left;">borrowing from you own environment. Your story can spring up from a well-developed</div><div style="text-align: left;">character sketch, or perhaps a story can be found in the location. Certainly location can</div><div style="text-align: left;">drive many things in the script. Time period can also drive a screenplay. While many a</div><div style="text-align: left;">script is written in the present, there are those that are written in the past or even in the</div><div style="text-align: left;">future. This can determine many different factors in your story.</div><div style="text-align: left;">All of these elements of story development are used when creating your character’s backstory.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The back-story consists of the details of life prior to your character in the here and</div><div style="text-align: left;">now. The back-story can make your character more three dimensional, more real. The</div><div style="text-align: left;">back-story provides the character’s motivations as well.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You might think writing a back-story to be a waste of time, but you will find yourself</div><div style="text-align: left;">referring to it again and again. While this may not prove to be useful for the present film</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">6</div><div style="text-align: left;">you are working on, many a sequel has been built off of the back-story to the original</div><div style="text-align: left;">film. You will also refer to the back-story because it may give you motivations and keep</div><div style="text-align: left;">you consistent with your “facts” so the continuity of the script is not compromised.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Scriptwriters for screen and television have very specific formats for their scripts. This is</div><div style="text-align: left;">something that you should study before you actually submit a completed script. If you</div><div style="text-align: left;">are working off of your own script for production you generally don’t have to worry</div><div style="text-align: left;">about the form being perfect, but if you submit it to the studio or their representatives</div><div style="text-align: left;">then keep as close to the expected format as you can.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I hate the red pen. They even call it “red-lining” a script. If you are fortunate to shop</div><div style="text-align: left;">your film and get it picked up by a studio then you may have to deal with the red pen</div><div style="text-align: left;">used to hack your original story into more of what the studio thinks it should be. This is</div><div style="text-align: left;">the main reason that Independent film has grown like wildfire. The artist can maintain</div><div style="text-align: left;">the integrity of his screenplay with no major changes to the script.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It is important to remember that there is a distinct difference between writing for film and</div><div style="text-align: left;">writing for television. Television, although it has expanded, it still in the box and on the</div><div style="text-align: left;">small screen. Television is dialog driven while film is not. It is not necessary to have</div><div style="text-align: left;">dialog in a film for a story to be told. So when writing for Film, understand that there is a</div><div style="text-align: left;">difference.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It has been said that the test of a good film is to watch it with the sound turned off. You</div><div style="text-align: left;">should be able to follow the story just by the movement of the film. None of that talking</div><div style="text-align: left;">head stuff works in film the way it does in TV. One can easily write for both Film and</div><div style="text-align: left;">Television but you have to keep in mind that they are 2 very different mediums.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are used to watching TV or you have written for TV you will be expecting dialog</div><div style="text-align: left;">rich scripting, but with film be careful with your use of dialog. When writing for film,</div><div style="text-align: left;">remember not to write too many stage directions as this is the director’s job and they get</div><div style="text-align: left;">a little fussy about that.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There are many sound elements to write from. Some of these are: the ambient sound in</div><div style="text-align: left;">the film environment, the musical soundtrack, the character dialog, or voice over</div><div style="text-align: left;">narration. These are all elements that can be written into the script like dialog. They tell</div><div style="text-align: left;">the story just as effectively as straight dialog.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There is screenwriting software available with the templates already in place for you to</div><div style="text-align: left;">plug in your script. Shop and see what is out there, but at the least try to get a book on</div><div style="text-align: left;">how this is done. Upon further research I found a site to help out. Lester Crombie from</div><div style="text-align: left;">the Queensland School of Film and Television has kindly made available a simple</div><div style="text-align: left;">template for download.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Put “Lester Crombie ” in Google or the search engine of your choice and he has for</div><div style="text-align: left;">download a very simple template for screenwriting and also a download for a manual in</div><div style="text-align: left;">PDF file format. There are software packages out there that are costly… about $100 but</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">7</div><div style="text-align: left;">this one should get you started. Personally I feel you don’t need all the bells and</div><div style="text-align: left;">whistles, just a basic template that you can use to plug your screenplay into.</div><div style="text-align: left;">One of the things that can drive you crazy is worrying about getting “it” just right.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Writing dialog can be challenging in that a natural flow will need to happen. Audiences</div><div style="text-align: left;">will be turned off by stiff and phony sounding dialog. While that is the ultimate goal, you</div><div style="text-align: left;">may have to rewrite a line several times to achieve this.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It is ironic that you have to work so hard to make it sound natural but this is important.</div><div style="text-align: left;">However, that can all be changed and reworked later, first just get what comes out of</div><div style="text-align: left;">your mind down on paper. If you sit and look at a computer screen for hours and type</div><div style="text-align: left;">nothing you will never start.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There are a few simple things that all full-length screenplays have in common. They will</div><div style="text-align: left;">all have the same length. The Hollywood movie has gone with the same formula for</div><div style="text-align: left;">many years and it is still the standard by which most screenwriters all write.</div><div style="text-align: left;">A typical screenplay will have 120 pages. It will consist of 3 acts separated into 30 pages</div><div style="text-align: left;">for each act. Each page of scripting represents about 1 minute of screen time with the</div><div style="text-align: left;">majority of films running between 90 and 120 minutes.</div><div style="text-align: left;">As a first film it may be easier for you to write a short film. There are many short films</div><div style="text-align: left;">that have really wonderful stories that can’t be told in 90 minutes. This gives the short</div><div style="text-align: left;">film a chance to be made. This is a great opportunity for you to make your first film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Short films can be good for the first time filmmaker for a number of reasons.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The first reason in favor of producing a short film is that you have a greater chance of</div><div style="text-align: left;">having your film being completed. A short film is manageable on a low budget and the</div><div style="text-align: left;">financing of your film will assuredly be the biggest stumbling block. Producing a 60</div><div style="text-align: left;">second Public Service Announcement seemed like it should be easy, but you have no idea</div><div style="text-align: left;">how long 60 seconds can be. I do because I had to produce a 60 PSA for a station I once</div><div style="text-align: left;">worked for. My advice is to try the short film first, as a matter of fact, do a couple before</div><div style="text-align: left;">moving on to a feature length.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Also in the beginning you will have to depend on the good graces of your actors and</div><div style="text-align: left;">crew. A short film is a good way to have your actors in and out quickly so they don’t get</div><div style="text-align: left;">peevish about their time spent. You never know when you might need them for the next</div><div style="text-align: left;">film. The most important thing you need to remember to budget is food service. You</div><div style="text-align: left;">must feed your people or they will revolt. The one thing you want is to keep your talent</div><div style="text-align: left;">and crew happy.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When you have, for the most part, finished your script and wish to share it with others it</div><div style="text-align: left;">is recommended that you write a treatment. A treatment is a short description of your</div><div style="text-align: left;">screenplay outlining what the story is about. Treatments consist of 3 or 4 pages and each</div><div style="text-align: left;">page represents one act of your screenplay. They can be a bit longer but no more than an</div><div style="text-align: left;">extra page or two.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">8</div><div style="text-align: left;">The treatment has to be the best of your screenplay and it must be written in a very clever</div><div style="text-align: left;">way. This is what you show around to garner interest in your screenplay. Show the</div><div style="text-align: left;">treatment to your mom and dad, your sister and brother, your best friend, and maybe even</div><div style="text-align: left;">your instructor at school. While they are offering advice you have a chance to gage their</div><div style="text-align: left;">reactions, and decide if these responses are what you want from your viewing audience.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Listen to their feedback and make whatever necessary script changes that may come to</div><div style="text-align: left;">your attention.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Call this group of people that you share with your “Core Group”. This group has to be</div><div style="text-align: left;">people your trust. Not necessarily your mom or dad, but people that you are sure of in</div><div style="text-align: left;">your trust of them. It is a difficult thing to have to discuss and while it would be nicer to</div><div style="text-align: left;">pretend it doesn’t happen, there are those people out there that will steal your work. Read</div><div style="text-align: left;">up on how to protect your ideas before you put them out there on Front Street.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Look up copyrighting your work on the Internet. You will probably find an example of</div><div style="text-align: left;">the “Poor Man’s Copyright” as one of the ways of protecting your work. Maybe one of</div><div style="text-align: left;">your classmates suggested you use this method, but I would advise against it. Instead</div><div style="text-align: left;">register your screenplay with the Writer’s Guild of America.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Next send away for a copy of the application for copyright (Application Form PA) at the</div><div style="text-align: left;">following address:</div><div style="text-align: left;">Register of Copyrights, Copyright Office</div><div style="text-align: left;">Library of Congress</div><div style="text-align: left;">Washington, DC 20559</div><div style="text-align: left;">Don’t be foolish and let this one go unchecked. It doesn’t cost much to at least register</div><div style="text-align: left;">copyright on your screenplay. As you move forward with your production you may need</div><div style="text-align: left;">to revise your copyright to extend to other aspects of the production but at least register it</div><div style="text-align: left;">with the Copyright Office and the Writer’s Guild in the beginning.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you have done this you can move forward with shopping your script if that is what</div><div style="text-align: left;">you want to do. One thing that you must remember though is that once you sell your</div><div style="text-align: left;">screenplay or enter negotiations to do so, it might be necessary for you to compromise. If</div><div style="text-align: left;">the producer and director decide to, they can cut your film or rewrite it to the point that it</div><div style="text-align: left;">may not even resemble what you originally wrote. Avoid the red pen by making your</div><div style="text-align: left;">own film any way you can.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Let’s Take a Meeting</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are making your film yourself without the benefit of traditional backing you will</div><div style="text-align: left;">probably find yourself writing, producing and acting in your own film. But that is not to</div><div style="text-align: left;">say that you won’t need help. You will have to be completely active in all phases of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">9</div><div style="text-align: left;">production. Such are the joys of the independent filmmaker. However, you will need</div><div style="text-align: left;">help. You will need other actors, sound people (someone has to hold that boom), camera</div><div style="text-align: left;">operators, and so on.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are in school studying film you have a perfect group of people to draw from to get</div><div style="text-align: left;">your film made. It is a “you scratch my back, I scratch yours” situation. Students help</div><div style="text-align: left;">each other to get their films made. Each of us has a specific talent and we can contribute</div><div style="text-align: left;">that to the production at hand. If you are not in school you may have to convince your</div><div style="text-align: left;">friends to help you with your film. It shouldn’t be too difficult because it is exciting to be</div><div style="text-align: left;">involved with making a film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Of course you can’t get all the help you need from you friends and family. You will have</div><div style="text-align: left;">to go with associates that have the same desire to make film that you do. This means you</div><div style="text-align: left;">have to find social events that allow you to network with others that have a similar</div><div style="text-align: left;">interest in film. Networking is going to be important from start to finish with the</div><div style="text-align: left;">production of you film. It would be wise to make a business card with your contact</div><div style="text-align: left;">information on it, maybe even make your own website.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Make contact lists of people you might be able to gain assistance from in the various</div><div style="text-align: left;">fields of expertise. It doesn’t matter if this is you first film or you 21st. You may begin to</div><div style="text-align: left;">use the same people as you learn whom you work best with. Some of the disciplines you</div><div style="text-align: left;">may need are: electricians, carpenters, camera operators, audio engineers, make-up</div><div style="text-align: left;">artists, set designers, locations scouts, script supervisors, costumers, publicists, and</div><div style="text-align: left;">finally craft people for your food service.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you make a list of these contacts remember to keep careful track of them. Make</div><div style="text-align: left;">copies of contact lists stored in a number of places. It will make you crazy if your</div><div style="text-align: left;">computer crashes and all the info for your crew is on it, so make back up contact lists.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You may learn to live without some of these positions on the production of your film, but</div><div style="text-align: left;">chances are you will be picking up the slack for that position. You may find yourself</div><div style="text-align: left;">directing a film and doing make-up or wardrobe at the same time. Multi-tasking is the</div><div style="text-align: left;">name of the game and you get better at it as you go along.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Many new filmmakers are actually in film school and they use what and who they have</div><div style="text-align: left;">available to them. This means working with people that may be a little flaky in their</div><div style="text-align: left;">punctuality. However, each filmmaker has their own film that they want to make and</div><div style="text-align: left;">they will give you good work with the expectation that they will get it in return on their</div><div style="text-align: left;">film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Again, one thing you might consider is this; if you are not in film school perhaps you</div><div style="text-align: left;">should go. In film school you have the equipment and facilities made available to you as</div><div style="text-align: left;">long as you are a matriculated student. My school had a $900,000 per year budget for</div><div style="text-align: left;">equipment for students to use. We had sound mixing booths and editing suites available</div><div style="text-align: left;">to us 24/7.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">10</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you have people that have agreed to work with you on your film you can set up</div><div style="text-align: left;">production meetings in order to plan for the actual production or shoot. The success of</div><div style="text-align: left;">your shooting schedule will depend on how effectively you have planned the shoot in</div><div style="text-align: left;">your production meetings. Make notes prior to your meeting to make sure all necessary</div><div style="text-align: left;">business is covered. Try to make the meeting stay focused on the business at hand</div><div style="text-align: left;">instead of visiting and shooting the breeze with everyone attending the meeting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you have people working for you and they are doing this out of the goodness of their</div><div style="text-align: left;">hearts, it is always necessary to keep them fed and watered. It is the least you can do for</div><div style="text-align: left;">another artist so make sure you always have food and beverages available for your crew</div><div style="text-align: left;">at meetings and during the production.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It is advisable that you keep liquor out of these meetings as it undermines the</div><div style="text-align: left;">professionalism of your group and impedes the flow of work. This is not to say that the</div><div style="text-align: left;">group may not ever celebrate by having a drink or two together, but it is hard to keep the</div><div style="text-align: left;">crew focused if drinking is allowed during shooting. On studio shoots it is absolutely</div><div style="text-align: left;">forbidden due to Union rules and insurance requirements for continued coverage.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you have a crew assembled then post your first production meeting. In your</div><div style="text-align: left;">meeting, tell your group what your vision of the film is and open a discussion about how</div><div style="text-align: left;">they can help to make that happen. Assign crew positions and make a shooting schedule.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Then split your group into 2 separate groups, crew and actors. Schedule readings of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">script so everyone gets to run through their lines and so you can give them your direction.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The actors must have an opportunity to meet with the director to determine what is</div><div style="text-align: left;">expected from them once the camera is rolling. This will help your actors to arrive</div><div style="text-align: left;">prepared and ready to work without you having to stop them as much for direction. Next</div><div style="text-align: left;">a separate meeting should be made with your crew. You will need to discuss equipment,</div><div style="text-align: left;">location, set design, sound, lighting, and any other production issues that may come up.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You will need story boards and a shot list sheets to hand out. Have your crew study them</div><div style="text-align: left;">with enough time available before the shoot to bring up any obstacles that need to be</div><div style="text-align: left;">cleared for the shoot. Schedule enough time on rehersals and fittings to be approved by</div><div style="text-align: left;">the director prior to the shoot.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Whoever has worked on scouting the location needs to speak to everyone about the</div><div style="text-align: left;">logistics of the location you will be shooting the film at. The location will need to be</div><div style="text-align: left;">accessible prior to the shoot so that light readings can be taken and electrical</div><div style="text-align: left;">requirements can be determined.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There are books out there that are written that could be used as guides for picking the</div><div style="text-align: left;">right location. Refer to them please as this is an area that is going to be totally foreign to</div><div style="text-align: left;">you if you are in any way creative. You have to make sure details are arranged like,</div><div style="text-align: left;">parking being arranged, access to unload equipment, restroom access, food craft area setup,</div><div style="text-align: left;">signed releases, maintenance of the location, location clean-up etc. ad naseum.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">11</div><div style="text-align: left;">In my case I had a group of buildings that were houses from the 40’s that were</div><div style="text-align: left;">abandoned and in a state of complete disrepair. They were cool and very spooky looking.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I didn’t want to go in them I just wanted to shoot on the street in front of them. I</div><div style="text-align: left;">procrastinated and they tore them down. Boy was I upset about that.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Do You Have a Good Eye?</div><div style="text-align: left;">My first experiences with production school, was with a fully manual camera. What a</div><div style="text-align: left;">dinosaur that was, but oh, the pictures I could take. I learned how to used depth of field</div><div style="text-align: left;">and how to push and pull focus. These are terms you should make note of and study.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Using a manual lens taught me just what I could do with a camera. Now I have a very</div><div style="text-align: left;">expensive digital camera but my roots are definitely in film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">We have grown accustomed to the digital crispness of the image we get with digital and</div><div style="text-align: left;">find film to be hazy and lacking focus. Film can create amazing shadows, especially in</div><div style="text-align: left;">black and white but the cost of film and processing is absolutely impossible for a</div><div style="text-align: left;">filmmaker just starting out, to get a film completed. If you have the luxury of using film</div><div style="text-align: left;">you can play around with it but eventually it will be transferred to digital so you can edit</div><div style="text-align: left;">your sound and image</div><div style="text-align: left;">I have shot on film and I have shot on tape and I have to report that both have their</div><div style="text-align: left;">merits. In the end the project will dictate which you will use. In film school I used a</div><div style="text-align: left;">funky little Super 8 camera and shot on black and white reversal film. Basically it was</div><div style="text-align: left;">like shooting to a positive instead of a negative. The quality was bad and the lighting was</div><div style="text-align: left;">a challenge but I managed to make a really decent abstract film journal.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The processing was terribly expensive yet once I got the footage back I was excited</div><div style="text-align: left;">beyond belief. I used a funky little viewing box with a hand crank and made lists where I</div><div style="text-align: left;">wanted my cuts in the celluloid. I wrote them down and hung them up in the order I was</div><div style="text-align: left;">going to edit. The next thing you do is, splice the pieces together with tape. Then you</div><div style="text-align: left;">put the splice with the tape on it, in a small machine that that punches neat holes in the</div><div style="text-align: left;">splice where the holes are on the side of their film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Editing real film, as in celluloid, is a great experience and I will always value it, but I</div><div style="text-align: left;">have since learned how much easier it is to just shoot and edit in digital. Believe me, I</div><div style="text-align: left;">was a die hard film user until I got tired of all the money it cost, and shooting digital is so</div><div style="text-align: left;">immediate. There are a number of reasonable priced video cameras on the market that</div><div style="text-align: left;">you can use when you start shooting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Equipment List</div><div style="text-align: left;">The following is a basic list of equipment you will need. This is a bare minimum list but</div><div style="text-align: left;">this should get you started.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Camera</div><div style="text-align: left;">1 digital camera</div><div style="text-align: left;">Extra Battery or Power Source</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">12</div><div style="text-align: left;">25 ft. & 50 ft. Power Cords</div><div style="text-align: left;">Monitor with headphones</div><div style="text-align: left;">Small Dry Marker Board to Use As Scene Marker</div><div style="text-align: left;">Sound</div><div style="text-align: left;">Headphones (2 or 3)</div><div style="text-align: left;">DAT – (Digital Audio Tape)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Microphones:</div><div style="text-align: left;">2 Lapel Mics (Lavaliers)</div><div style="text-align: left;">1 Shotgun</div><div style="text-align: left;">1 Omni</div><div style="text-align: left;">1 Battery Operated Reporter’s Mic</div><div style="text-align: left;">1 Directional Mic with Pedestal (for narration)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Boom (2)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Windshield (for boom and mic)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Gaffer’s Tape – 1 or 2 rolls</div><div style="text-align: left;">Lighting</div><div style="text-align: left;">3 Lights – 1 large, 2 small</div><div style="text-align: left;">3 Light Stands</div><div style="text-align: left;">25 ft. & 50 ft. Power Cords</div><div style="text-align: left;">White Bounce Cords</div><div style="text-align: left;">Gauzy Material for Diffuser</div><div style="text-align: left;">Binder Clips – Small, Medium, & Large</div><div style="text-align: left;">Stands For Diffuser</div><div style="text-align: left;">One thing is certain, in the list of equipment you will need, the camera is the most</div><div style="text-align: left;">important. A very durable camera that has been recommended is the Samsung VP</div><div style="text-align: left;">X220L camcorder with an external lens. This camera was used on the Jack Ass Movie</div><div style="text-align: left;">and you know how physical the shooting got on that film. You should be able to get this</div><div style="text-align: left;">camera for $800. I only found one of these for sale from a UK website, but there are</div><div style="text-align: left;">many other cameras to be had.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The best thing to do is to go shopping and try out cameras. Try them out to see what kind</div><div style="text-align: left;">of picture you get. See if the zoom is as strong as you need. Once you find one that you</div><div style="text-align: left;">like and can get a decent price on it, check and see what kind of warrantees there are on</div><div style="text-align: left;">the camera. If purchased from a camera shop there are protection plans that will replace</div><div style="text-align: left;">the camera if damaged and give regular cleanings for your equipment. It is important to</div><div style="text-align: left;">keep all your paperwork on file for this, as with all your equipment.</div><div style="text-align: left;">In 15 years of using cameras I have seen the technology change vastly. A camera that</div><div style="text-align: left;">you buy today will be archaic by next year. The top cameras coming out now are</div><div style="text-align: left;">amazing. The Grass Valley Viper Film Stream Camera TM shoots completely without</div><div style="text-align: left;">videotape, or compression. Your images are recorded directly to a removable hard drive</div><div style="text-align: left;">that goes from the camera to the computer. Talk about cool!</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">13</div><div style="text-align: left;">This camera was used in the film Zodiac and the clarity of image is amazing. This film is</div><div style="text-align: left;">technical genius and you must see it. David Finchner is the director of the film and he</div><div style="text-align: left;">worked with the creators of this camera to shoot the first film done entirely with the</div><div style="text-align: left;">Viper. This image is so clear you can see how many pores are on the guy’s face.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This is the future in cameras and while it is too rich for our pockets now, there are</div><div style="text-align: left;">perfectly acceptable cameras you can use in the meantime. Try out any camera before</div><div style="text-align: left;">you buy it. Handle it in the store and take test footage. Make the salesman work for his</div><div style="text-align: left;">paycheck and ask him a million questions if you have to.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When you start shooting you will have to be familiar with the various types of shots. The</div><div style="text-align: left;">following is a list of the shots and the abbreviations that are used on shot sheets.</div><div style="text-align: left;">EWS – Extreme Wide Shot</div><div style="text-align: left;">Shot so wide the subject can’t even be seen. This is also used as an establishing shot</div><div style="text-align: left;">which is used in the beginning of every film..</div><div style="text-align: left;">VWS – Very Wide Shot</div><div style="text-align: left;">Subject or object can barely be seen but is still placed in the frame.</div><div style="text-align: left;">WS – Wide Shot</div><div style="text-align: left;">The subject fills full frame, much the same as a long shot. Takes in the whole person</div><div style="text-align: left;">from the bottom to the top of the frame.</div><div style="text-align: left;">MS - Mid-shot</div><div style="text-align: left;">Subject is closer with more detail but frame still has the whole subject. The subject will</div><div style="text-align: left;">fill the frame with this shot.</div><div style="text-align: left;">MCU – Medium Close-Up</div><div style="text-align: left;">Midway shot between Mid-shot and close-up.</div><div style="text-align: left;">CU – Close-Up</div><div style="text-align: left;">Face of actor fills the frame.</div><div style="text-align: left;">ECU – Extreme Close-Up</div><div style="text-align: left;">Shot gets in and shows extreme detail.</div><div style="text-align: left;">CA – Cutaway</div><div style="text-align: left;">Shot other than the subject, away from the main action.</div><div style="text-align: left;">CI – Cut-In</div><div style="text-align: left;">This is a view of some part of the subject in detail. Example: CU of hands shaking and</div><div style="text-align: left;">wringing in anxiety and worry.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Two-Shot</div><div style="text-align: left;">An easy shot of two people framed equally in a mid-shot.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">14</div><div style="text-align: left;">OSS – Over the Shoulder Shot (or Cross-Shot)</div><div style="text-align: left;">Shot taken over the shoulder of someone aimed at the subject.</div><div style="text-align: left;">POV – Point of View Shot</div><div style="text-align: left;">Show the subjects view or perspective. Example: POV shot of hands on a computer</div><div style="text-align: left;">keyboard.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There are also terms for camera movement and there are just a few that are used</div><div style="text-align: left;">repeatedly. They are as follows:</div><div style="text-align: left;">Pan</div><div style="text-align: left;">This is a horizontal camera move across the screen. Also used is the term Swish Pan.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This is a camera movement that is a pan done so quickly that the picture blurs until it</div><div style="text-align: left;">stops and stabilizes. Frequently a swish pan is used to hide the cut in the editing process.</div><div style="text-align: left;">In a comedy film the swish pan comes with it’s own sound, which has been used in shows</div><div style="text-align: left;">like “Malcolm in the Middle”.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Dolly</div><div style="text-align: left;">A dolly is a cart on wheels that has mounts for the camera. Track is laid down to the</div><div style="text-align: left;">specifications of the shot and the camera is dollied down the track for the shot. A dolly</div><div style="text-align: left;">shot refers to movement in and out of the frame moving closer or further away from an</div><div style="text-align: left;">object in the frame.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Tracking</div><div style="text-align: left;">Refers to a dolly movement that crosses the screen.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Tilt</div><div style="text-align: left;">A camera tilt is simply what it says. It is a panning movement but instead of across the</div><div style="text-align: left;">screen it will be an up and down movement.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This should account for most of your camera directions. You will see these terms used in</div><div style="text-align: left;">screenplays and you will use these terms in writing your own script. When you have</div><div style="text-align: left;">access to your camera you should practice all these moves in order to be familiar with</div><div style="text-align: left;">them when you are filming.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you have your camera purchased and you are ready to start shooting, you will need</div><div style="text-align: left;">a few other pieces of equipment to get you going. While you will want to “carry” your</div><div style="text-align: left;">camera when you shoot, it is advisable to use a tri-pod for most of your work.</div><div style="text-align: left;">One thing you will want to do is assign someone to carry a camera and take the</div><div style="text-align: left;">production stills. Shooting production photos can be done by anyone in the crew. These</div><div style="text-align: left;">shots are a sort of tradition on the set and it is a good idea to get production shots. They</div><div style="text-align: left;">do have practical uses though, the photos show the crew at their jobs with the actors and</div><div style="text-align: left;">sometimes they are helpful to recall the way a shot was set up.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">15</div><div style="text-align: left;">Most cameras out there at this time have great stabilization already built in, but the fact of</div><div style="text-align: left;">the matter is that when zooming in for a close-up and then holding the shot, shake can</div><div style="text-align: left;">happen. Not using a tripod allows for a great deal of “shake” with the camera. This will</div><div style="text-align: left;">compromise the quality of your shots.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You can avoid blurry, jumpy, static shots by using the tri-pod. They are frequently</div><div style="text-align: left;">referred to as “sticks”. For your filming purposes you will need to get a tri-pod that has a</div><div style="text-align: left;">“fluid head”. This is a head on the top of the tri-pod where you mount the camera, and its</div><div style="text-align: left;">purpose is to make panning and trucking shots smooth and in focus.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When you purchase your tri-pod you should find sticks that have sturdy legs, not too thin</div><div style="text-align: left;">or too long. Bogun tri-pods are the standard in the industry so if I were to recommend a</div><div style="text-align: left;">brand, Bogun gets my vote.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Before we move on from the discussion of cameras and shooting I need to talk about</div><div style="text-align: left;">composition in the frame. You know how “film people” walk around with their hands up</div><div style="text-align: left;">liking they are framing things, it’s so annoying when they do that. However, that is how</div><div style="text-align: left;">we see things, in the frame. Where are you placing he objects and the people in your</div><div style="text-align: left;">frame? Is it a boring or compelling composition?</div><div style="text-align: left;">Something that all beginning photographers learn is about the rule of thirds. This is</div><div style="text-align: left;">where you place the subject on the third of the frame as opposed to constantly centering</div><div style="text-align: left;">the subject in the middle of the frame. You also need to get a sense of what is proper</div><div style="text-align: left;">“head room” in a frame. You can create intimacy or tension and alienation in how you</div><div style="text-align: left;">compose the shot. Practice looking at art and film to see how the artist places the subject</div><div style="text-align: left;">in the frame.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Turn Up the Volume</div><div style="text-align: left;">I am not into doing sound. I am a Camera Person and find the whole sound mixing</div><div style="text-align: left;">process to be a big mystery. I know enough to get the initial capture but if I were to</div><div style="text-align: left;">make my own film I would find someone to perform this function for me. What you</div><div style="text-align: left;">need is a sound person otherwise known as an audiophile. This person will hold a boom</div><div style="text-align: left;">for hours of dialog and will know the channel on the board during the final mix.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Advertise on Craig’s list or in the local Entertainment paper. I would find this person and</div><div style="text-align: left;">get a commitment early on in the Pre-production phase but you will need them right until</div><div style="text-align: left;">you are through Post-production as well. Needless to say when hiring for any position</div><div style="text-align: left;">for a production, make sure you check references. You will want to hire someone that</div><div style="text-align: left;">has a proven history of finishing projects.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Every camera that you will shoot with will have a mic that comes with the camera and</div><div style="text-align: left;">while it might work in a pinch, it simply does not supply adequate sound. You will need</div><div style="text-align: left;">a way of recording that is in sync with your image. In order to do this you will need a</div><div style="text-align: left;">DAT (Digital Audio Tape) recorder and a good selection of mics.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">16</div><div style="text-align: left;">While I have a hard time with the mechanics as a whole, I appreciate good sound when I</div><div style="text-align: left;">experience it. You will want good sound on your film so there are some basic things you</div><div style="text-align: left;">will need to know. These are the types of microphones available to you.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Any or all of these are good for you to have in your sound kit.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Omni Directional Microphone</div><div style="text-align: left;">Omni Mics record sound from the front, back, and sides of the mic, in other words, 360º</div><div style="text-align: left;">around the mic. These are good if you want to record your talent delivering lines and get</div><div style="text-align: left;">the ambient sounds on the backside of the mic. In the most perfect of situations the</div><div style="text-align: left;">background sound and dialog will be recorded on separate tracks.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you bring them back to the studio for the final mix you will be able to adjust the</div><div style="text-align: left;">ambient sound track slightly lower and the dialog track a bit higher. This will make it so</div><div style="text-align: left;">the dialog is heard clearly while having the ambient sound is there as well.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Directional Microphone</div><div style="text-align: left;">This is pretty much self-explanitory. A directional mic records specifically in one</div><div style="text-align: left;">direction and that is the direction of the speaker. These are used for reporting or</div><div style="text-align: left;">interviewing and can be hand held or clip-on.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Shotgun Microphone</div><div style="text-align: left;">A Shotgun mic or a gun mic, is a microphone that picks up sound from a distance. While</div><div style="text-align: left;">these are great if you are a private detective and want to get private conversations, but</div><div style="text-align: left;">they are especially effective on the end of a boom used in production.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Lavalier or Lapel Microphones</div><div style="text-align: left;">This is a mic that is clipped onto a shirt lapel or collar and is usually an Omni</div><div style="text-align: left;">directional mic. This mic is good for interviews and commentary reporting but beyond</div><div style="text-align: left;">that they are limiting because the rustle of clothing interferes with a clean recording</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are actually recording dialog you will probably do one of two things. You will do</div><div style="text-align: left;">voice over recording in the studio or you will use a live mic. Recording live would</div><div style="text-align: left;">require the use of a directional mic on the end of a boom. If it is on location outside you</div><div style="text-align: left;">may need to use a shotgun mic on a boom with a windshield (made of furry or foam</div><div style="text-align: left;">material) that fits over the mic to block out the interference of wind blowing on the mic.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once again, a school equipment loan program is going to have most of these items so you</div><div style="text-align: left;">can use this resource if it is available to you. Otherwise it will be a good idea for you to</div><div style="text-align: left;">purchase some or all of the equipment I have mentioned here.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I just want to have a word about holding a boom during shooting. It is harder than it</div><div style="text-align: left;">sounds. You have to have strong arms and concentration. You will have to roll the boom</div><div style="text-align: left;">back an forth at times to pick up cross dialog. Make sure you feed the Boom Operator</div><div style="text-align: left;">and keep them happy. It is a valuable job and is very tedious. I know because I have</div><div style="text-align: left;">done it.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">17</div><div style="text-align: left;">It would be a very bland movie if there were no sound effects or soundtrack in the film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When I lived in Venice, California I had a neighbor that was a horror movie soundtrack</div><div style="text-align: left;">composer. That man had the spookiest and weirdest sounds coming out of his house. He</div><div style="text-align: left;">did the soundtrack for the Howling…. the original one, not any of the sequels.</div><div style="text-align: left;">He had a sound studio in his home that he worked out of and I didn’t hear much of what</div><div style="text-align: left;">he did for the most part. Every now and then there would be a scream or a crash and I</div><div style="text-align: left;">knew he was doing his thing.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Another sound element you may want to consider is Foley work. Foley work is done in</div><div style="text-align: left;">the studio to produce sound effects that will enhance the scene. A squeaking door, the</div><div style="text-align: left;">squelching sound of wet shoes walking through the mud, tinkling glasses and silverware</div><div style="text-align: left;">in a restaurant, and the sound of a fist hitting flesh, these are all sounds that could be</div><div style="text-align: left;">produced in a Foley environment.</div><div style="text-align: left;">For this type of sound to make an impact in the film it has to be a bit larger than life.</div><div style="text-align: left;">These Foley sounds will be recorded on a track that will be laid down with the other</div><div style="text-align: left;">tracks. Then you can fade it in or out as you see the need in the scene. It might be a</div><div style="text-align: left;">good idea to keep a Foley library of sounds to use, just as you have an image library to</div><div style="text-align: left;">use.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are going to have a soundtrack, and you will want one, I encourage you to use all</div><div style="text-align: left;">original scores and lyrics. You don’t want to enter into any copyright battles. This is</div><div style="text-align: left;">where networking comes into play. Find a music student that is looking for a project.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once again, I have to say, try Craig’s List.</div><div style="text-align: left;">One last item that you will need to aquire for the shoot is some sort of remote 2-way</div><div style="text-align: left;">radio. Nextel offers a good product so you can consider them. There may be some other</div><div style="text-align: left;">company that offers a similar service for a better price so look around but do get a 2-way</div><div style="text-align: left;">radio, actually get as many as you feel you need for your crew.</div><div style="text-align: left;">A Little Light on the Subject</div><div style="text-align: left;">Lighting is always a key issue. While it is not hard to learn, you must learn to see</div><div style="text-align: left;">lighting issues right away. Lighting for film was always very tricky and in film it is</div><div style="text-align: left;">absolutely necessary to use a light meter. With film there is a question of the color of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">light as well. With video, the problems with shadow, glare, and color temperature,</div><div style="text-align: left;">become much easier to deal with. I do not want to throw you off trying actual film, when</div><div style="text-align: left;">film is lit and shot properly it is heaven, but in the beginning it will be more realistic to</div><div style="text-align: left;">use a digital video camera.</div><div style="text-align: left;">While you may have areas that don’t have enough light, it is also a problem to have areas</div><div style="text-align: left;">with too much light. These areas are termed “hot” and some sort of diffusion material is</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">18</div><div style="text-align: left;">used to take the glare off the subject. These are the major lighting problems you will be</div><div style="text-align: left;">dealing with.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It will make your life a lot easier if you have a monitor set up on the scene location. You</div><div style="text-align: left;">should have a fairly good one that gives you a true representation of what you are taping.</div><div style="text-align: left;">While shooting in film you needed a Light Meter and a Color Temperature Meter, in</div><div style="text-align: left;">digital recording you can use the monitor to tell you what you need to know. You will</div><div style="text-align: left;">see the areas that have lighting problems that need to be fixed.</div><div style="text-align: left;">By looking at the monitor you can see problems of light and dark and fix them easily.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The other lighting issue that exists is the color of the light in your picture. Different types</div><div style="text-align: left;">of lighting will have different colors.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Household Tungsten lights have a yellow glow. If you want that yellow color in the</div><div style="text-align: left;">picture that is fine, but if not, you can color correct with digital filters during the edit</div><div style="text-align: left;">process.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Fluorescent lighting can be a real disaster depending on how bright it is and how close</div><div style="text-align: left;">it is on the subject. Fluorescent lighting throws off a greenish cast and can be very</div><div style="text-align: left;">unflattering to the subject. The whole pea soup complexion thing tends to really make the</div><div style="text-align: left;">talent look bad. I hate fluorescent lighting…. just turn them off.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Outdoor Sunlit lighting will sometimes be a problem but refer to your monitor. Outside</div><div style="text-align: left;">daylight gives off a blue cast. This will be especially evident when shooting into the</div><div style="text-align: left;">shade. If there is any grass or foliage in the picture the blue cast will be very strong.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Halogen lights are reputed to have a pink glow to them. Halogen lighting is not as</div><div style="text-align: left;">prevalent but might come into play during outdoor night shooting as Halogen is used for</div><div style="text-align: left;">night outdoor lighting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Lighting will be used as a signifier to what time of day it is. We will know if the sun is</div><div style="text-align: left;">setting or if it is raining outside by the lighting. Be aware of the conditions in the actual</div><div style="text-align: left;">story that will demand certain types of lighting. A flashlight in the dark or headlights</div><div style="text-align: left;">will telegraph things about to happen. You will be able to create tension and suspense</div><div style="text-align: left;">with your lighting. You will also be able to transmit a romantic atmosphere or an office</div><div style="text-align: left;">or working environment all by how you light the scene.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It should be determined what lighting is needed for a shot(s), and then accomplish that</div><div style="text-align: left;">lighting set up for the duration of shooting in order for the lighting quality of the film to</div><div style="text-align: left;">be consistent. This means that it is important to make note of the color of the light when</div><div style="text-align: left;">you begin the shoot and to keep everything consistent through the shooting of your piece</div><div style="text-align: left;">This will keep you from having to fix inconsistencies in post-production, which is</div><div style="text-align: left;">sometimes impossible to prevent, but if you are really good that won’t happen. Have I</div><div style="text-align: left;">mentioned how important Pre-production is? You will find as you make a few short</div><div style="text-align: left;">films that, it is important to keep things like lighting and the lighting color temperature</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">19</div><div style="text-align: left;">marked down in your production notes. It will be a real pain if you are editing and you</div><div style="text-align: left;">have lighting color that jumps from edit to edit. It will be a glaring mistake of continuity</div><div style="text-align: left;">in your film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If there is an over all problem with the color of the light in your production, then your</div><div style="text-align: left;">digital software may have color correction filters and that can be taken care of at the time</div><div style="text-align: left;">of post production editing. Previously, when shooting with film, filters had to be used</div><div style="text-align: left;">over the lens at the time of shooting and it was much harder to accomplish what we now</div><div style="text-align: left;">achieve with digital editing.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Three Point Lighting</div><div style="text-align: left;">Three-point lighting is the standard lighting setup and is used in all film and television</div><div style="text-align: left;">production. It is always better to have good natural lighting, but if you do not have good</div><div style="text-align: left;">natural light available then this is where you start.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Three-point lighting consists of the following:</div><div style="text-align: left;">Key Light</div><div style="text-align: left;">Your key light is the main light shining on your subject. Be careful not to have it too</div><div style="text-align: left;">close to the subject as it may create hot areas and glare.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Fill Light</div><div style="text-align: left;">Your Key light usually creates a harsh light that makes a distinct shadow. The best way</div><div style="text-align: left;">to get rid of that shadow is to use your Fill light.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Kicker Light</div><div style="text-align: left;">The Kicker light is used behind the subject to fill in the shadows there. Using the kicker</div><div style="text-align: left;">light can give the subject dimension.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When purchasing supplies for your light kit, these are the main lights you will need.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You will also need a way to use diffusion material. Look at the lighting outside with</div><div style="text-align: left;">your screen door open. Do you see how bright and vivid it is? Then shut the screen and</div><div style="text-align: left;">look at how the lighting is naturally diffused and it becomes darker. This is what you are</div><div style="text-align: left;">doing when you are using lighting diffusers in a scene.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There are a number of ways to achieve this, and in most light kits it is useful to have a</div><div style="text-align: left;">gauzy material like, cheesecloth, muslin, or a material that is white and gauzy to shine the</div><div style="text-align: left;">light through. You will achieve this by using binder clips and makeshift scrim stands.</div><div style="text-align: left;">(Scrim is another word for diffuser.) I have used old 3-legged music stands and binder</div><div style="text-align: left;">clips to create a scrim stand for the light to pass through.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Shooting in natural lighting is always good but presents difficulties of its own. From</div><div style="text-align: left;">11:00AM to 3:00PM in the afternoon, the sun will create harsh shadows under the eyes</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">20</div><div style="text-align: left;">and nose of the subject. This can be remedied by using a fill light under the subjects face.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This will correct the problem</div><div style="text-align: left;">The best natural lighting is the lighting that comes at the end of the day, a couple of hours</div><div style="text-align: left;">before sunset. This lighting will be a golden caramel colored glow, that give everything a</div><div style="text-align: left;">halo. This light will fall directly on the subject’s face so this is a perfect angle for the sun</div><div style="text-align: left;">to be in for shooting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Sunset lighting is really good for portraying moments of sentimentality or romance. I</div><div style="text-align: left;">have to warn you her though, shoot fast because once the sun starts to set there isn’t much</div><div style="text-align: left;">time to get your shots finished so you have to have everything ready in anticipation of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">sunset lighting.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Lighting is one of those situations in filming where you have to come up with creative</div><div style="text-align: left;">ideas of how to solve your problems. Taking a trip to the hardware store will sometimes</div><div style="text-align: left;">help you to fix your lighting problems. Lighting is something you have to practice. If</div><div style="text-align: left;">you arrive the day of the shoot and expect to just have it all down, you are in for an</div><div style="text-align: left;">unpleasant surprise. You must work with your lights first and take test shots.</div><div style="text-align: left;">**It is crucial that you check the electrical requirements for your lights. Lights take</div><div style="text-align: left;">an incredible amount of so make sure you won’t be shorting out the system an the</div><div style="text-align: left;">entire block as well. Check with an electrician about this. REMEMBER! These</div><div style="text-align: left;">lights are hot. Protect yourself and others. You may have an occasional bulb pop</div><div style="text-align: left;">and spray glass everywhere. This seldom happens, but be cautious.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You must do everything that you can to be safe. There are going to be cords</div><div style="text-align: left;">everywhere on the ground or floor during the shoot. You will have people running</div><div style="text-align: left;">everywhere so secure down all your cords firmly and make people aware of where</div><div style="text-align: left;">they are located.</div><div style="text-align: left;">You can use gaffer’s tape on the electrical cords to keep them in place. Gaffer’s</div><div style="text-align: left;">tape is more expensive and doesn’t leave marks on walls on floors. You can use duct</div><div style="text-align: left;">tape in a pinch but gaffer’s tape is best.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Prior to your first day of shooting you need to gather all of your talent and crew together</div><div style="text-align: left;">and do a run through of a few scenes. This is called blocking the scene. Have each actor</div><div style="text-align: left;">stand at his or her marks and read their parts and get sound levels on them, also test your</div><div style="text-align: left;">lighting and see how it looks on the monitor. You will want to make this a full dress</div><div style="text-align: left;">rehearsal if you need to see wardrobe and make-up for a final check.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This is the time to determine what works and what doesn’t, not the day of the shoot.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Make any adjustments that are needed and make note of where your settings are set at</div><div style="text-align: left;">this time. These are to be your settings for the duration of the production. It is very</div><div style="text-align: left;">important to do this in order to maintain continuity and believability of your film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">21</div><div style="text-align: left;">Later when you have a few films behind your belt you can mess around with the</div><div style="text-align: left;">placement of the lights and the volume control, but when you are still new at this it is best</div><div style="text-align: left;">to establish your settings and keep them consistent throughout the rest of the film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">In most cases on film production the Scrip Supervisor is the person that is responsible for</div><div style="text-align: left;">maintaining the continuity from scene to scene in your film. This position makes sure</div><div style="text-align: left;">that the lighting is the same, all the furniture in a room is in the same place, the actors</div><div style="text-align: left;">have the same clothing, and make-up, and say the same lines.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It is important that you arrange all your shot sheets so that you shoot economically. If</div><div style="text-align: left;">you are going to be in the farmhouse one day shooting then you have shoot all scenes that</div><div style="text-align: left;">are in your script for the farmhouse. You don’t need to shoot each scene in sequence,</div><div style="text-align: left;">that will have you running all over town. Shoot all scenes at location by location.</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you are making your film yourself without the benefit of backing then you will have to</div><div style="text-align: left;">do your own continuity supervision. Maintaining continuity is important if you want</div><div style="text-align: left;">your film to look professional.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once it gets down to the shoot it becomes all about the actors and the director. Both are</div><div style="text-align: left;">commited to the telling of the story. Any given film is as much about the actors and</div><div style="text-align: left;">director as much as it is the story on paper.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There has to almost be a chemistry between the actors and director. A director needs to</div><div style="text-align: left;">be all things to the actors, friend, mother/father, counselor, priest, or nurse. You name it,</div><div style="text-align: left;">you gotta be it. The one constant is the actor’s need to be able to trust the director.</div><div style="text-align: left;">A director has to be a “Big Picture kinda person. Reining in all the elements of a film is</div><div style="text-align: left;">like conducting an orchestra, everything needs to blend together to make the film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Solving problems on a daily basis is the norm so problem solving skills are very</div><div style="text-align: left;">necessary.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It has been said that you can tell how good a film is by watching it with the sound off. If</div><div style="text-align: left;">you can follow the film easily by watching without the sound then the director has done</div><div style="text-align: left;">his or her job. This clearly illustrates that film is not driven by the dialog itself, it is the</div><div style="text-align: left;">action that drives the film.</div><div style="text-align: left;">When It’s In the Can, It’s a Wrap</div><div style="text-align: left;">So the production is done and your last pick-up shots are in the can. Now you can begin</div><div style="text-align: left;">the edit. So you gather up your footage, your sound and anything else that needs to</div><div style="text-align: left;">added in the edit and get ready to hunker down until it is all finally edited. Maybe it’s</div><div style="text-align: left;">time for more caffeine and a shower, time for sleep later.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Now you get to go through hours of footage to construct your edit. You will now begin</div><div style="text-align: left;">the tedious job of going through footage to put together your edited material. Mark your</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">22</div><div style="text-align: left;">in and out points on your edit sheet with a description of the cut. Your in and out points</div><div style="text-align: left;">will be the time codes that the edit points are at. The codes will be marked in hours,</div><div style="text-align: left;">minutes, seconds, and 10th’s of seconds. It will look like this 01:15:03:20.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Now that you have your edit on paper, it is time to sit down with all of your elements and</div><div style="text-align: left;">go to the edit. You may do this all on your own and you may have someone edit it while</div><div style="text-align: left;">you direct the edit. Either way, this is the most fun a person can have. The edit means</div><div style="text-align: left;">you are near being done.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I found editing to be wonderful and I got so into it that I lost all notion of time. I went in</div><div style="text-align: left;">for a couple of hours and ended up staying to do the edit for 8 hours. I don’t even think I</div><div style="text-align: left;">had anything to eat. I came out of the edit bay feeling like I had been drinking coffee all</div><div style="text-align: left;">day, well actually I had, but I was so energized. It is great to see the story that you have</div><div style="text-align: left;">been working on for the last year, come together in a few evenings of editing.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you have put together all your cuts you can lay down you music and soundtracks</div><div style="text-align: left;">you will be ready to do your credits. The credits are very important to the little people</div><div style="text-align: left;">that worked on your film… probably for beer and pizza. This is there proof that they</div><div style="text-align: left;">have worked on the film and it is like their resume for other paying gigs, so make sure</div><div style="text-align: left;">you spell everybody’s name right. Once these are done, you have finished and you are</div><div style="text-align: left;">ready to promote you film and find someone that will pick up your film in distribution.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Now it is time for the Wrap party. If you don’t have the money to put on a big bash for</div><div style="text-align: left;">your cast and crew get your Mama to cook and put the drinks on your credit card because</div><div style="text-align: left;">these folks deserve a good time.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Time to Toot Your Horn</div><div style="text-align: left;">If you haven’t been talking about your film to people, now is the time to start. Now is the</div><div style="text-align: left;">time to get a logo designed and make a website to promote your film. There are at least a</div><div style="text-align: left;">couple websites that help you to build free websites. It does take a few days of work to</div><div style="text-align: left;">make the website but it is actually quite fun. You learn a great deal by making your own</div><div style="text-align: left;">site.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once the site is made find someone to host it, Yahoo and Google are good. Start a blog</div><div style="text-align: left;">about the film and publish it on your website. Offer promotional items for sale with your</div><div style="text-align: left;">logo on them from the website. Cross promote other artists on your website. Use some</div><div style="text-align: left;">of your production shots for the site.</div><div style="text-align: left;">After you have built your own site make a Myspace page. Then go shopping for friends</div><div style="text-align: left;">and gather a fan base in Myspace. Many musicians and other artists have used Myspace</div><div style="text-align: left;">to promote themselves and it has been quite an asset to building an audience for artists in</div><div style="text-align: left;">music and film. I have a couple of musicians that send me clips of their music regularly.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It is interesting to see how the musicians have built their “friend” list and kept everyone</div><div style="text-align: left;">abreast of their new music when it happens.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">23</div><div style="text-align: left;">Of course there is always the idea of putting clips of your film on YouTube. Get your</div><div style="text-align: left;">fans and friends from Myspace to download them. You can even put your YouTube on</div><div style="text-align: left;">your Myspace page. It would be good to cross-reference your website and Myspace</div><div style="text-align: left;">page, one linking to the other.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Make eye-catching flyers to post in community centers and bulletin boards. If you go to</div><div style="text-align: left;">college or know anyone that goes to college, post your film flyers on the community</div><div style="text-align: left;">bulletin board. Find someplace in school to show your film to students. Every student</div><div style="text-align: left;">wants to do something on a Friday night and has no money to got out. Free is better that</div><div style="text-align: left;">cheap I always say! Let them see your film for free.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Get a couple of other Indy filmmakers and show your films together. Have your own</div><div style="text-align: left;">mini Film Festival at your house, or at school, or anywhere you can get a group of people</div><div style="text-align: left;">together. Get Mom to do that cooking thing again that she does so well. This endeavor</div><div style="text-align: left;">will only be successful if you badger people into coming. Make them promise that they</div><div style="text-align: left;">will show. Give out free promotional items with the Film logo on them like hats, t-shirts,</div><div style="text-align: left;">and coffee cups.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I guess we didn’t talk about naming the film, yet, did we. Think carefully on what is</div><div style="text-align: left;">going to be catchy and make a good logo. Wild, controversial titles are things that people</div><div style="text-align: left;">want to see on things like t-shirts and baseball caps. For instance, you decided to a space</div><div style="text-align: left;">version of the Wizard of Oz and we’ll call it …. “Space Monkeys”. Well that’s a catchy</div><div style="text-align: left;">name, weird but catchy and it will look great on a t-shirt. Whatever you do come up with</div><div style="text-align: left;">a name that the public can grab on to.</div><div style="text-align: left;">All of these promotional ideas mentioned up until now are free or darned cheap. Perhaps</div><div style="text-align: left;">you can use some of the proceeds of selling your hats and t-shirts to fund some of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">ways you promote your film. There will be costs so it is a good idea to let the film pay</div><div style="text-align: left;">for itself.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Finally, you should have a Media or Press Kit made up for the public. A Press kit</div><div style="text-align: left;">contains a letter of introduction, info on the film, photos, a disk with a sample trailor, and</div><div style="text-align: left;">perhaps a few of those promotional t-shirts and hats you had made up. Once that is done</div><div style="text-align: left;">it is time to find a publicist. If someone buys the option for your film you will really</div><div style="text-align: left;">have the need for a publicist.</div><div style="text-align: left;">One of the most effective ways to market your film is to enter it into a film festival. One</div><div style="text-align: left;">of the things your have in your favor is that Independent films have made it big in the last</div><div style="text-align: left;">15-20 years. The Hollywood formula for filmmaking became predictable and boring and</div><div style="text-align: left;">with the expansion of television the film viewing audiences became much more</div><div style="text-align: left;">sophisticated than they were before. You can’t pull anything over on us.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Indy film has become the driving force in the industry and that has been good news for</div><div style="text-align: left;">the small Indy filmmaker. Film festivals all over the country show Independent films,</div><div style="text-align: left;">and this has become a standard in the industry. Sundance Film Festival was started to</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">24</div><div style="text-align: left;">showcase otherwise unknown filmmakers. Now there are film festivals in every state and</div><div style="text-align: left;">cities, large and small.</div><div style="text-align: left;">This doesn’t mean that these festivals are easy to get into. Be prepared for a certain</div><div style="text-align: left;">amount of rejection letters. The most important and well known film festivals to get into</div><div style="text-align: left;">are the Toronto, Tribeca, and Sundance festivals. However there are hundreds of other</div><div style="text-align: left;">smaller film festivals that you can get into.</div><div style="text-align: left;">I just Googled film festivals and got 19,900,000 hits in .07 seconds. You have more than</div><div style="text-align: left;">enough to pick from. So what Sundance sent you a rejections letter, submit to another</div><div style="text-align: left;">festival. The trick will be getting past the rejection letters. One of the biggest reasons</div><div style="text-align: left;">rejection letters are given out is that there were too many films submitted. If the film</div><div style="text-align: left;">reviewing committee gets 1,000 submissions and can only take 100 films that is a lot of</div><div style="text-align: left;">rejections they have to send out.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Once you go to the festival website and download the application there will be listed the</div><div style="text-align: left;">dates of submission. The best way to avoid rejection is to make sure that your film is</div><div style="text-align: left;">submitted the first day into accepting films. Some films that are perfectly good</div><div style="text-align: left;">entertainment never get seen because there were just too many submitted and they ran out</div><div style="text-align: left;">of time to view them all. Get your film and application in as soon as possible.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Festivals usually have a entrance fee and when I checked I found them all to be</div><div style="text-align: left;">reasonable, between $25 and $50. Still, that can add up as you send out applications.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Perhaps some of the money made off of selling promotional items will help pay the fees.</div><div style="text-align: left;">After you fill out your first application form and send in your first film, you will get the</div><div style="text-align: left;">application process down.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Another thing to remember, which is quite obvious, is that your film may not be</div><div style="text-align: left;">appropriate for some festivals. You would now enter a steamy thriller with sex scenes,</div><div style="text-align: left;">into a Young Adult Film Festival. I am sure the young adults would love it but the adults</div><div style="text-align: left;">in charge will reject it with a thud. So submit where it is appropriate.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Since I have suggested you start out with a short film as you first attempt at filmmaking, I</div><div style="text-align: left;">have to caution you about the length of your film. Find out the maximum length of films</div><div style="text-align: left;">or short films. Then your entry is too long if at all possible trim your film. Films are</div><div style="text-align: left;">frequently rejected for coming in over the time limit. Make sure you read all the</div><div style="text-align: left;">requirements before submitting your film for consideration.</div><div style="text-align: left;">An interesting phenomenon is film festivals borne of films that have been rejected. The</div><div style="text-align: left;">Sundance Film Festival is held in Park City, Utah. The same weekend the Slam Dance</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Festival is held and it shows films that were rejected by Sundance. The Slamdance</div><div style="text-align: left;">is in its 13th year and it has expanded to a festival in New York.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Sundance, although it still owes its success to Indy film, has become quite commercial</div><div style="text-align: left;">and takes entries that are considered the best. Slamdance came along at a time when</div><div style="text-align: left;">there was a need for an alternative to Sundance. Festival creators tout Slamdance as “by</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">25</div><div style="text-align: left;">filmmakers, for filmmakers”. Films that were passed on by Sundance and picked up by</div><div style="text-align: left;">Slamdance are, Memento, Monster’s Ball, Napoleon Dynamite, The Woodsman, and</div><div style="text-align: left;">Maria Full of Grace.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The 2008 Slamdance festival is being held from January 17th to January 25 in Park City</div><div style="text-align: left;">Utah. For any readers interested in entering Slamdance the early deadline for the 2008</div><div style="text-align: left;">festival is August 27th. The deadline for the teleplay competition is August 20th, 2007. I</div><div style="text-align: left;">encourage you to check out their website.</div><div style="text-align: left;">There are many other festivals for you to check out. I encourage you to attend festivals in</div><div style="text-align: left;">as a film enthusiast first and then later as a competing filmmaker. I can’t think of a better</div><div style="text-align: left;">way to spend an afternoon. Chris Gore wrote a book titled “The Ultimate Film Festival</div><div style="text-align: left;">Survival Guide”. It has information that would be useful in what to do when submitting a</div><div style="text-align: left;">film for approval into a festival.</div><div style="text-align: left;">The largest film festival in the country is the Seattle International Film Festival. They</div><div style="text-align: left;">show over 300 films and short films in a month’s time in May and June. Offered at SIFF</div><div style="text-align: left;">are an excellent group of filmmaker forums. A few of the offerings this year were:</div><div style="text-align: left;">“Encoding Your Film For Internet Streaming”, “The Producer School Series”(Parts 1 &</div><div style="text-align: left;">2), “Introduction to Motion”, and “Advanced Techniques in Final Cut Pro”. I have</div><div style="text-align: left;">attended these forums and they are invaluable to filmmakers.</div><div style="text-align: left;">One of the functions at SIFF is “Fly Filmmaking”. Fly Filmmaking is a competition for</div><div style="text-align: left;">filmmakers, that takes place 3 to 4 weeks before the festival. The completed films</div><div style="text-align: left;">(usually 3) are shown during the festival and at the end of the festival the judges pick the</div><div style="text-align: left;">winner.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Guerilla Filmmaking has many similarities to Fly Filmmaking except that Guerilla</div><div style="text-align: left;">Filmmaking is a bit more aggressive and the budget is leaner (if that is possible). This</div><div style="text-align: left;">year (2007) the filmmakers were given 5 days to shoot and 5 days to edit a 10 minute</div><div style="text-align: left;">film. These are incredibly difficult conditions to film under and the results are amazing.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Fly Filmmaking was started a little over 10 years ago and since then many other venues</div><div style="text-align: left;">have “borrowed” its format for their own Film contests. Seattle has the corner on this</div><div style="text-align: left;">market though, they are the creators of Fly Filmmaking. They really produce amazing</div><div style="text-align: left;">results with a handful of crew, actors and a camera.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It seems to me as a new filmmaker this formula might work for you. It will show you</div><div style="text-align: left;">how to work with deadlines and how to work on a shoestring budget. No doubt you</div><div style="text-align: left;">know all about tight budgets and can excel at this but working on this sort of deadline</div><div style="text-align: left;">will force you to be resourceful, and after all Indy film is all about being resourceful.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Of course you won’t have help that SIFF gives their Fly Filmmakers but this will teach</div><div style="text-align: left;">you many things. You will be able to see your mistakes and correct them in future film</div><div style="text-align: left;">ventures. I see this working for the beginning filmmaker as a learning tool so this may be</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film Making</div><div style="text-align: left;">http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div><div style="text-align: left;">26</div><div style="text-align: left;">a perfect way to challenge yourself in order to learn the process before you are working</div><div style="text-align: left;">on a film that really matters to you.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Film school is a perfect place for you to start any plan to be a filmmaker. You have</div><div style="text-align: left;">endless opportunities to work with other artists, and have the availability of the</div><div style="text-align: left;">equipment loan programs. This will give you all the “stuff” you need to make your films.</div><div style="text-align: left;">It will also put you in a situation where you have others to give you feedback on your</div><div style="text-align: left;">work. This is a very necessary part of the process.</div><div style="text-align: left;">Everyone wants to attend USC, UCLA, Columbia University, or NYU, but sometimes</div><div style="text-align: left;">that is not possible. That does not mean that there aren’t other film schools out there. In</div><div style="text-align: left;">the end it is the body of work that you have achieved that commends you to the position</div><div style="text-align: left;">of filmmaker. What have you done? What is your experience? If you don’t have any</div><div style="text-align: left;">experience you may need to work on other people’s films for a while and gather up some</div><div style="text-align: left;">experience to put on your resume.</div><div style="text-align: left;">To make the claim that you are a filmmaker says many things. It says that you have a</div><div style="text-align: left;">great deal of energy and you are good at enlisting people to work with you on the</div><div style="text-align: left;">development of your vision. These people trust that you are going to direct them so that</div><div style="text-align: left;">they produce a masterpiece. Okay, maybe not a masterpiece but defiantly something</div><div style="text-align: left;">noteworthy.</div><div style="text-align: left;">My very last piece of advice is this. Get another job in something that you are good at</div><div style="text-align: left;">and that makes decent money. Filmmaking will not make you money overnight. You</div><div style="text-align: left;">will need to pay bills and at times you may need to finance your films so get used to</div><div style="text-align: left;">working 2 jobs. Also learn to sleep less and love caffeine. It won’t matter once you</div><div style="text-align: left;">catch the fever of being the middle of a production. Good luck and happy filmmaking.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">*source from http://www.master-resale-rights.com</div>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-89100033772388210162011-01-05T15:36:00.000-08:002011-01-05T15:39:54.462-08:00Tips for Making Professional Looking Interviews<div><br /></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; "><a class="main_image" href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/14874/main.jpg" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><img src="http://www.videomaker.com/thumbnails/307/0/content/images/article/14874/main.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; width: 307px; float: left; margin-right: 10px; " /></a><div class="h1_breakhead" style="margin-left: 317px; "><h1 style="margin-top: 12px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.25em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 310%/normal Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: -1px; text-decoration: none; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); ">Tips for Making Professional Looking Interviews</h1><strong class="breakhead first_breakhead" style="clear: right; display: block; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13px; padding-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 2em; color: rgb(69, 69, 69); ">From having only one camcorder at your disposal to preparing your interview subject, these tips used by the pros can help you record a professional interview that resemble those you find on television news shows and documentaries.</strong></div><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">You want to create an interview that will have the look and feel of a professional studio production with multiple cameras and graphics. But you only have one camera. It can be done. Remember in creating video, the viewers' perception is more important than the reality. And we create our own reality for the camera. It doesn't matter if it's an interview that will air on television or just your grandparents telling stories to document your family history. Both are important and need to have visual appeal as well as interesting dialogue to hold the viewers' interest.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">We are accustomed to the cuts from interviewee to interviewer as they speak and cutaways that help tell the story. Our society has become very visually literate. We have been programmed by commercial television and will quickly become bored by a static one-camera interview. By static, I mean that the camera is mounted on a tripod, focused and framed before the event starts and the camera angle is never changed during the interview.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Get Organized</h3><div class="captioned" style="float: left; width: 125px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 6px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-right-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-left-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><a href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/14874/a.jpg" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><img src="http://www.videomaker.com/thumbnails/125/0/content/images/article/14874/a.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></a></div><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">So how can these effects be accomplished with only one camera? It can be done, but it does require some preplanning, a pre-interview interview and editing after the footage is shot. Therefore you need some type of video editor. It can be a computer program (i.e. iMovie, Pinnacle, Premiere, Final Cut, or any of the other fine editing programs), or a stand-alone editor, such as one of the Casablanca or Avio series; but you will need an editing device or at least access to one.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">To create a one-camera interview, you will also need the following:<br />1. Camera<br />2. Tripod or other stabilizer<br />3. Two chairs<br />4. An Interviewee<br />5. An interviewer<br />6. At least one mic</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">For your location, look for an area that is relatively quiet with as little ambient noises that could interfere with your sound, like traffic or kids playing outside, (unless these would add to the story you are telling but make sure that the noises do not over-ride your talent). Lights, lighting reflectors, gobos, and a good microphone are all nice to have and they will improve the quality of the final video. But they are not an absolute necessity.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Let's get started setting up an interview. The first thing is to select a person to interview and set up the pre-interview with them. This can be done in person or over the phone. If you do not know the person that you will be interviewing it is best to do the pre-interview in person. During the pre-interview you can establish a time and location to do the video interview. You should select an area for the interview that is well lit. That means an area with even lighting that has no bright areas including light sources that may be caught in the camera's angle-of-view. If the room has windows that overwhelm the interior lighting, they must be covered in some way.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Make sure that no deep shadows are evident in the viewing area as well. Remember, even with all of the improvements that have become available with digital video equipment, the camera still does not differentiate as well as the human eye. And speaking of eyes and lighting, be aware that overhead lights may create raccoon eyes on your subjects. Make sure you have some type of fill lighting to differentiate the topography of the face. This can be with lights or reflected light. You can reflect the light using commercial reflectors, gobos or even a white sheet of copy or typing paper. The size of the reflector will be determined by the proximity of the lights and area that the light is to be reflected into.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">The mood you want to create will also affect the choice of location and lighting. To create a formal feeling to the video then that of an office, for example, the living room or dining room would be good locations. But the living room and dining room can also be readily made to look like an office or studio. For a homey effect, the kitchen table or front porch might be better. Avoid porch swings and rockers, as they will be put in motion as the talent gets into their story. This movement could cause problems for the camera's focus and depth-of-field and is also a distraction to the viewer. If you want to do a cut-away shot of the rocker or swing in motion (a long or establishing shot), you can cut this into the interview during editing to make it look as if the interviewee is in the swing or rocker. Just remember to make sure that the background is the same for the rest of the interview.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Pre-production Planning</h3><div class="captioned" style="float: left; width: 125px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 6px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-right-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-left-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><a href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/14874/b.jpg" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><img src="http://www.videomaker.com/thumbnails/125/0/content/images/article/14874/b.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></a></div><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">All video projects should be divided into three phases: Pre-production (planning), Production (Shooting) and Post-production (editing and distribution). Good preplanning can save you money, labor and time during the production and post-production phases. It will also make you look more professional to your client/interviewee.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Pre-production should consist of at least the following:</p><ul style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-type: disc; list-style-position: outside; "><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Decide who you would like to interview. This choice will affect many aspects of the video: tone, subject matter, and location just for starters.</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Contact your prospect and get an agreement.</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Set up a time and location for a pre-interview.</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Try to have the pre-interview in the same location and at the same time that you will be taping the interview. This allows you to evaluate lighting, ambient sounds, and pre-plan your set-up for the interview.</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">Before the pre-interview, find out as much as possible about your interviewee from other sources. These sources can include internet searches, family members or friends. Compose 15-20 questions for the pre-interview and write them down. Leave space between the questions to make your notes.</li><li style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 1em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; line-height: 18px; font-size: 13px; ">The day before your pre-interview, contact your interviewee and confirm the time and location for the pre-interview. Check your equipment for the pre-interview. Make sure your voice recorder is working and you have extra tapes and batteries; that you have your list of questions; and you have a pad of paper and at least two pens or pencils. The pencils and paper are your primary note taking equipment, the voice recorder is for backup if you need to check back on your written notes. During the pre-interview, have your client sign a release form. This gives you permission to use the interview for publication, i.e. commercial television, cable, and/or the internet.</li></ul><div class="readmore" style="text-align: right; "><br /></div><div class="readmore" style="text-align: left;"><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Production Phase</h3><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">The day before the interview, assemble and check out your equipment to make sure you have everything you need and it is operational. (An equipment list makes this easier). On your equipment list you should include all of your video equipment plus things like a voice recorder, pens or pencils, reflectors, video tape, gaffers tape, etc.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Arrive at the shooting location with all of your equipment a few minutes early. This gives you the chance to re-appraise the location, just in case something has changed that you will need to compensate for. It also gives you time to set-up your equipment and stage.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">The first choices you must make are how you are going to set up your stage? Where are you going to set up your lights? Where are you going to set up your camera? Where are you going to position your talent, i.e. the guest and the interviewer. Talent positioning is the best place to start because their location will affect your camera placement and additional lighting, if needed. Talent positioning is also dictated by the space you will be shooting in and the light source/s you will be using (ambient or artificial).</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Cutaways Before the Shoot</h3><div class="captioned" style="float: left; width: 125px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 6px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-right-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-left-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><a href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/14874/c.jpg" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><img src="http://www.videomaker.com/thumbnails/125/0/content/images/article/14874/c.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></a></div><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Before you start the interview questioning, shoot a few seconds of a shot of your guest over the interviewers' shoulder (this is known as an OTS - an over the shoulder shot). Shoot another OTS over the guest's shoulder at the interviewer. Shoot each shot a couple times, so you have choices in editing: a wider shot that includes a portion of the backside of the subject, an extreme close up, and a regular bust shot. You can insert this clip as a cutaway in your post-production editing software. Set your audio up and check it, whether it is on the camera or dedicated microphones, white balance your camera if it has that capability, and you're ready to go.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Shoot the Interview</h3><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Start your camera rolling, and have your interviewer ask the prepared questions. Inform your interviewer ahead of time not to deviate from the prepared questions. Not at this point. Keep the camera on your guest in the close-up shot as the guest answers these questions. Don't move the camera at all, not even slightly, and don't worry about getting shots of the interviewer at this point.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">After your guest has answered all the questions satisfactorily, reposition your lights and camera so that he/she is facing your interviewer. Now have the interviewer face the camera and ask each question again in the exact same order calling between each question.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Backup Cover Shots</h3><div class="captioned" style="float: left; width: 125px; margin-right: 10px; margin-top: 5px; margin-left: 6px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-right-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); border-left-color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><a href="http://www.videomaker.com/content/images/article/14874/d.jpg" style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(0, 71, 122); "><img src="http://www.videomaker.com/thumbnails/125/0/content/images/article/14874/d.jpg" alt="" style="display: block; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; " /></a></div><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">After all the questions have been asked again, take a few more cutaway shots of the interviewer, nodding his/her head as if he/she is agreeing with something the guest said. This is another cutaway shot that you can insert in post editing. Now you can get a few more 2-shot cutaways of different angles of both them, for "safety" shots for later. The best cutaways are those when one person isn't talking as you'll need a shot of the person looking on without their lips moving, or it gives away the illusion that you aren't really using two cameras. So make sure you explain to the talent after the interview that you're just getting some cover shots. Your interviewer most likely will understand this, so you simply roll while they are talking, making sure to get some ISO shots of each of them not talking while the other is talking. (ISOs = news gathering speak for isolated or solo shots without someone else in the shot.) This is crucial, however you don't want to tell both of them to just be quiet, because that will create an unpleasant silence that is awkward and shows on tape. Now, thank your talent, pack up your equipment and let's head to the editor.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); line-height: normal; font-size: 12px; "></span></p><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Post-production</h3><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Load your footage into your editor and lay down your guest footage as the primary track. Take the footage you have of your interviewer asking the questions and the cutaways and break them down into individual clips. Take the clips of the questions and the cutaways and insert them into or over the appropriate place in the primary track so that it looks as if the camera is cutting to the interviewer as they ask the question and then back to the guest as they answer it. When your final product is viewed, it will look as if you are cutting from one camera to another during the interview.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">Now here's where those ISO cutaway shots come in. Say your interviewer asked a question that required the subject to answer in 15-seconds, but she rattled around for 35-seconds before she go to the point. You simple edit out the part you don't want, and butt the beginning and end of the comment together, and place a 3-second video-only shot over the subject's face, making sure to not cut the audio to bridge the cut together. If done right, the shot will look as if your interviewer is nodding and intently listening to the interviewee, yet you've managed to trim 20-seconds of content. This is how they do it in the News.</p><h3 class="breakhead" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; text-align: left; font: normal normal normal 120%/normal Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); clear: right; display: block; font-size: 16px; ">Additional hints</h3><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; ">If possible, keep a time log indicating at what point the interviewer starts to ask the question, and also at what point the guest begins and ends at their answer. Inform your interviewer that they are not locked in to the list of questions. If the guest says something of interest that you did not cover in your pre-interview, they can ask the additional questions to elicit more information about it. Make sure that you note this additional question on your time log and that your interviewer asks that question while you are taping them.</p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><em>Percy Ledbetter has been working in the visual arts for more than 18 years. He recently retired from teaching multi-camera video production at a community college.</em></p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><em><br /></em></p><p style="line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 13px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.7em; padding-left: 0.5em; "><em>* Source from </em><a href="http://www.videomaker.com/article/14874/">http://www.videomaker.com/article/14874/</a></p><p></p></div></span></div>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-84924912978114213302010-12-09T15:46:00.000-08:002010-12-09T16:22:25.775-08:00Suspense...<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJLWKStQxburvatHKImyISN77ZDviouNaqQNg_hI-yA3tZSfTnw63LtgAUk5oF2Vwy67fn4tLB3y5O_JPT2YkBdStnZZGQNfTrhhnNtfClzCbIPOz-Uv4jtgUCn8pADCW7dfPJwfChI3s/s1600/images.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 143px; height: 108px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJLWKStQxburvatHKImyISN77ZDviouNaqQNg_hI-yA3tZSfTnw63LtgAUk5oF2Vwy67fn4tLB3y5O_JPT2YkBdStnZZGQNfTrhhnNtfClzCbIPOz-Uv4jtgUCn8pADCW7dfPJwfChI3s/s320/images.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5548834472618875458" /></a><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; "><b><span class="Apple-style-span" ><i>Penyuntingan</i></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: arial; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); "> untuk mengujudkan 'suspense' dalam filem adalah merupakan teknik yang mudah. Suspense adalah satu perkara yang penonton ingin lihat dan kita tidak terus menunjukkan secara langsung perkara yang menyeramkan tanpa memberikan suasana 'suspense' kepada penonton. Jika kita ingin mengujudkan suasana 'suspense' dalam satu cerita, sebagai contoh kita katakan satu kumpulan yang sesat terpaksa menghabiskan malam mereka di sebuah tempat yang seram, kita tidak terus menunjukkan hantu berkenaan. Kita kena bina atau ujudkan suasana 'suspense' dahulu, kita mainkan unsur suspense dalam fikiran penonton. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; ">Sebagai contoh, katakan mangsa pertama terpisah daripada kumpulan. Dia dengan cemas berjalan di satu lorong untuk mencari rakannya. Dia terdengar satu bunyi yang menyeramkan di belakang dan dengan cepat dia berpaling ke belakang. Kita tidak terus menunjukkan hantu dibelakangnya kerana ia tidak akan menimbulkan rasa seram kepada penonoton. Sebaliknya tunjukkan visual dibelakang yang kosong dan sunyi. Dengarkan satu lagi bunyi yang menyeramkan di luar frame dan tunjukkan dia dengan pantas memalingkan muka untuk melihat benda yang menimbulkan bunyi tersebut. Sekali lagi tiada apa2 di sana. Kemudia dia menggeleng kepala sambil tersenyum yang akan menyebabkan penonton akan leka seketika. Kemudia mangsa tersebut berpatah balik kebelakang, dan OPS! dia berdepan dengan satu lembaga yang amat menyeramkan. Penonton tentu akan turut menjerit tanpa menyedari mereka menjadi mangsa kepada satu teknik penyuntingan 'suspense' yang berjaya. Penyuntingan, kesan bunyi, muzik, serta kesan khas dan pencahayan merupakan elemen-elemen yang penting mengujudkan suasana genting dalam filem seram.</p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; "><br /></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; ">*pict. by google images.</p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; font-family: arial; font-size: medium; "><br /></p><p style="text-align: right; line-height: 18px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0.5em; padding-left: 0px; font-size: medium; "><i><span class="Apple-style-span" ><b>daudmontakzakaria</b></span></i></p>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-23793097054260829002010-11-24T23:08:00.002-08:002010-11-24T23:09:34.545-08:00CONTOH JADUAL PENGGAMBARAN<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp0lmQ7lm88Nxad1iUd70UDIVU3dGJ_MWdGhSDMmlqwt6xGZcyPj4axMXulxx1_UcF3KMGSk2dJbBWpsWOFFDjq2jjTREhViQdfAo5QYMgoIq3tMhsvOu7FBOa_ak_uBXcq4WDy5vczj8/s1600/DSC00250.JPG"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp0lmQ7lm88Nxad1iUd70UDIVU3dGJ_MWdGhSDMmlqwt6xGZcyPj4axMXulxx1_UcF3KMGSk2dJbBWpsWOFFDjq2jjTREhViQdfAo5QYMgoIq3tMhsvOu7FBOa_ak_uBXcq4WDy5vczj8/s320/DSC00250.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5543380935113763618" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-60283983401581279212010-11-24T23:08:00.001-08:002010-11-24T23:08:49.321-08:00CONTOH SKRIP MCP PELAJAR MEDIA UKM<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgdeA2XgfL6eRCSMQ-0LK2JP2_ARmgVaWQq6Hb57aKbsS2hmxcegWiiTScnqgDroOnaGRaYypgZu9mdSQm8ecRxTwnHb5W31LyOYBxK1TMFUkYD6KSeC99GGQd4_RHOpCq941LXhLFTgM/s1600/DSC00249.JPG"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgdeA2XgfL6eRCSMQ-0LK2JP2_ARmgVaWQq6Hb57aKbsS2hmxcegWiiTScnqgDroOnaGRaYypgZu9mdSQm8ecRxTwnHb5W31LyOYBxK1TMFUkYD6KSeC99GGQd4_RHOpCq941LXhLFTgM/s320/DSC00249.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5543380736000448530" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-764179775479815292010-11-24T23:07:00.001-08:002010-11-24T23:07:57.496-08:00CONTOH SKRIP MCP<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjasVwTsDGTGUrIabYQ_zdOTJsNLPqYQcC0CtYH3ZotRf_5XvprQ_93PlcrF3BnmhDNlc5P3aE81QCpk3jt1UpN1a8fuFe2CN16U6b08FAVzVuV069amr0tm9HPSDguUzgILx2eeWEFg9U/s1600/DSC00247.JPG"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjasVwTsDGTGUrIabYQ_zdOTJsNLPqYQcC0CtYH3ZotRf_5XvprQ_93PlcrF3BnmhDNlc5P3aE81QCpk3jt1UpN1a8fuFe2CN16U6b08FAVzVuV069amr0tm9HPSDguUzgILx2eeWEFg9U/s320/DSC00247.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5543380528592868882" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-17361312170961587642010-11-24T23:03:00.000-08:002010-11-24T23:07:07.911-08:00CONTOH SKRIP<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgfKS0dqYbxN-Kb1qdA888161eozCvxq24i865nX4S6p_OkGYL6MO3y_N4xy8nPDCjVSih3jNtX6TORYTH9zZ7pYA0JRMGBWuCyhd0RpDYbQOcD00l4czEGMsQulU53PdK7OjjC1-ljws/s1600/DSC00246.JPG"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgfKS0dqYbxN-Kb1qdA888161eozCvxq24i865nX4S6p_OkGYL6MO3y_N4xy8nPDCjVSih3jNtX6TORYTH9zZ7pYA0JRMGBWuCyhd0RpDYbQOcD00l4czEGMsQulU53PdK7OjjC1-ljws/s320/DSC00246.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5543380296709744546" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-21418662341780662982010-11-17T17:27:00.001-08:002010-11-17T17:30:10.888-08:00PROSES DUBBING<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-6W4rTFqVTfHg2eC7XwzPoFaJrG7ddA478uuF805uUei47pga64mxAjzhfXoiXUFchbFZ-_paqdnworW_l3vz7ioR_AHYI7dzLnyNtyYrwNZ4rAi7Ezlp7UWImexaMlR8kNyIwyHBlUc/s1600/dub.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-6W4rTFqVTfHg2eC7XwzPoFaJrG7ddA478uuF805uUei47pga64mxAjzhfXoiXUFchbFZ-_paqdnworW_l3vz7ioR_AHYI7dzLnyNtyYrwNZ4rAi7Ezlp7UWImexaMlR8kNyIwyHBlUc/s320/dub.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5540695759430475394" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk3gzGnpJUJTvUZ6kJVsNa1b9uZKUKf_gIWfIUqCclhE1oK-Umoy4J_ZRcSSQvI-_5NGTPsiWD3IGtZR2X83iWfkZwr6-k4zr76afiZFL9pIZmbN_FlmbHra7sgHW0Fq9nNqgaduHFwV0/s1600/dubbingprocess.jpg"><img style="display:block; 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margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiV7SnQopco-eJ0-JlbCy-CjPCyUhaReHegoWEEpznt7tkgsttPWUEUGZjKEXrtqNxUbgKeXidAHUNfeKLSWUP7y6b6Zg4MI7GAHbyjRLIrxkdnzsaDqmkTg4LpAMhtcbTEyyZEApZnJhQ/s320/DSC00259.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539578823925310050" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-32724779846107811732010-11-14T17:13:00.000-08:002010-11-14T17:14:20.888-08:00KEY LIGHT + FILL LIGHT<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQheTdfJ_GL4Pkok2rbWQottuykDwERXtckDW-Si72aXBJ2Mrc6eJg5Lt4sHvpubW9vap5rco_nNXX-ARPW94HHp5o3ynGEutgd1rUbJw12PZRDUBNW2HOVLAXV5Lrshn6DTsCjIiQqzU/s1600/DSC00258.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQheTdfJ_GL4Pkok2rbWQottuykDwERXtckDW-Si72aXBJ2Mrc6eJg5Lt4sHvpubW9vap5rco_nNXX-ARPW94HHp5o3ynGEutgd1rUbJw12PZRDUBNW2HOVLAXV5Lrshn6DTsCjIiQqzU/s320/DSC00258.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539578620112515282" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-7697962831213528772010-11-14T17:12:00.002-08:002010-11-14T17:13:32.489-08:00KEY LIGHT<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqx880XSPRCwuo0uNiWZ0pFDt6eXGRdw5s52xM3yW42d7VuO7br73YSdacWzeTNhNkq5mIUm0NWAo6V0S9_yMgFXgP7RPFG_pPEj99jQLEI81Flb2yxOamNkEkY9OXQ8nbgIjD9NSv3XM/s1600/DSC00257.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqx880XSPRCwuo0uNiWZ0pFDt6eXGRdw5s52xM3yW42d7VuO7br73YSdacWzeTNhNkq5mIUm0NWAo6V0S9_yMgFXgP7RPFG_pPEj99jQLEI81Flb2yxOamNkEkY9OXQ8nbgIjD9NSv3XM/s320/DSC00257.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539578408908555666" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-30595796016309663602010-11-14T17:12:00.001-08:002010-11-19T18:19:59.647-08:00THREE POINT LIGHTING<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oXiRghoUlV2rn7P1WAcznGoeVBwqUcYBOR4-Vv5mp83IgreD92WuSdM1c54fKeC73YuvNAxxC-suugPKYnV87HUqMFK-d_O4LBtuCI1cahUJkBhVyABAKBCVM_3-se2KDNxwN0QYefM/s1600/3point.....jpg"><img style="float:right; margin:0 0 10px 10px;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 281px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7oXiRghoUlV2rn7P1WAcznGoeVBwqUcYBOR4-Vv5mp83IgreD92WuSdM1c54fKeC73YuvNAxxC-suugPKYnV87HUqMFK-d_O4LBtuCI1cahUJkBhVyABAKBCVM_3-se2KDNxwN0QYefM/s320/3point.....jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541450732565704498" /></a><b>Pictures by google images.</b><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1uZ1vk-oThcbjLFLEaJJ3LvKmAqjPqewFBI9xFXRn0aARRNYsjEwY0sgWcfXhsK7A8F10a92XRai6hVye0dTRzr5aGYNTd4lgdWAh0RHFPPTru2NgKbdooqYSPPxaSBTNYDBeUmComfA/s1600/3point...jpg"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1uZ1vk-oThcbjLFLEaJJ3LvKmAqjPqewFBI9xFXRn0aARRNYsjEwY0sgWcfXhsK7A8F10a92XRai6hVye0dTRzr5aGYNTd4lgdWAh0RHFPPTru2NgKbdooqYSPPxaSBTNYDBeUmComfA/s320/3point...jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541450617262971858" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNdp3b8ajsbVlU8qgK8JF8ItB8u3_zlqSwWqnrQ_w9N8VAK2DIJOdEosoXbqQgxOT3MCRrPhJ0k9aOjocCaUrWTL6QD1kuFpUtxqz72KNb2P-_eclI7FOhbg9N8Rz9EGtcMEoeoUxOCBM/s1600/3pointlighting9interview%2529.jpg"><img style="float:left; margin:0 10px 10px 0;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 250px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNdp3b8ajsbVlU8qgK8JF8ItB8u3_zlqSwWqnrQ_w9N8VAK2DIJOdEosoXbqQgxOT3MCRrPhJ0k9aOjocCaUrWTL6QD1kuFpUtxqz72KNb2P-_eclI7FOhbg9N8Rz9EGtcMEoeoUxOCBM/s320/3pointlighting9interview%2529.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5541450464462794178" /></a><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQxhz2kEmeA14xwF7xCh7hdMF155spyunos1uhX2B_qF3fh80aTJvW-yqFK4kxAuPwqU6uU5RS1_5xhRwktdqx2IJI6W_x-tab5kRkAaquB9uSnR8VrXMZiXQ0zLuIfARo71n1gYOI_NI/s1600/DSC00256.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQxhz2kEmeA14xwF7xCh7hdMF155spyunos1uhX2B_qF3fh80aTJvW-yqFK4kxAuPwqU6uU5RS1_5xhRwktdqx2IJI6W_x-tab5kRkAaquB9uSnR8VrXMZiXQ0zLuIfARo71n1gYOI_NI/s320/DSC00256.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539578240367839330" /></a></div></div>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-28746384046864049772010-11-14T17:11:00.000-08:002010-11-14T17:12:03.257-08:00BASIC LIGHTING / PENCAHAYAAN ASAS<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKTR13deeMwf8Li9-kbTnAelUf26jltuNzUP5RBwHxR-w-kYxWcH1x268B-m-ulFI-bMVWfiUvrTKC65dS6cs2g9yAl9gRsDcLlCAXDVIVaKXdc44BxULE9V3BLxsFBrZtMdxHeg7bA9Y/s1600/DSC00254.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKTR13deeMwf8Li9-kbTnAelUf26jltuNzUP5RBwHxR-w-kYxWcH1x268B-m-ulFI-bMVWfiUvrTKC65dS6cs2g9yAl9gRsDcLlCAXDVIVaKXdc44BxULE9V3BLxsFBrZtMdxHeg7bA9Y/s320/DSC00254.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539578027225118466" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6123864595755641452.post-7297528649057136212010-11-14T17:10:00.001-08:002010-11-14T17:11:10.152-08:00SCREEN DIRECTION<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCxD99SaCfIv3yOMJsSNJPlOjjcNDCEBH06MDceaD7moraxbTLojdOMyzjeP3hR23_5Urj3A-kHteo-_zz3oEcyN_xNSO5zgQ6ZOCN5yHQONuC2rPE4si2o5kdcwR83nsQRFyCBur4m_M/s1600/DSC00253.JPG"><img style="display:block; margin:0px auto 10px; text-align:center;cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCxD99SaCfIv3yOMJsSNJPlOjjcNDCEBH06MDceaD7moraxbTLojdOMyzjeP3hR23_5Urj3A-kHteo-_zz3oEcyN_xNSO5zgQ6ZOCN5yHQONuC2rPE4si2o5kdcwR83nsQRFyCBur4m_M/s320/DSC00253.JPG" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5539577788492051170" /></a>daud.montak.zakariahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04827325931857319957noreply@blogger.com0